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Pharm Test 1 Fall/11
Drugs affecting Para and Sympathetic Nerve Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Neuropharmacology? | Study of drugs that alter processes controlled by the nervous system |
| How do neurons regulate other cells? | 1) conduct action along axon on neuron 2) release neuroTransmitters from axon 3) bind T's to Receptors at postsynaptic cell |
| 2 basic neuron activities drugs can alter | Axon Conduction Synaptic transmission (very selective) |
| What does a local anesthetic drug alter? | axon conduction |
| 5 Steps in Synaptic Transmission? | 1)Synthesis, 2)Storage, 3)Release, 4)receptor binding, and 5)Termination |
| How does a drug impact a neuronally regulated process? | By drug's ability to influence receptor activity on target cells |
| What are the effects of drugs on the steps of synaptic transmission? | Drugs either increase or decrease activation |
| Multiple receptor sites help drugs...? | produce Selective drug effects |
| ANY PNS drug is easy to understand if you know these 3 IMPORTANT things... (3 types of info) | Type of Receptor the drug acts on Normal Response when receptor is activated Does drug increase/decrease normal activation |
| Divisions of the PNS | Somatic (skeletal muscle) and Autonomic |
| What systems regulate the ANS? | PSNS and SNS |
| Fight or Flight system? (emergency/stress situations) | (SNS) Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Nervous System |
| Rest System? (digestion, conserves energy, restores body resources) | Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS) (Cholenergic) |
| What 2 sites do drugs act on in the PSNS? | Synapses between pre & postganglionic neurons AND Junction between postgang & effector organs |
| The 2 sites of action in the SNS are? | Synapses between pre & postganglionic neurons, including the adrenal medulla AND Junctions between postgang & effector organs |
| Only 1 site of action for drugs in this system | SNS-somatic, 1 neuron path from spine to muscle at the Neuromuscular Junctio |
| neuroTRANSMITTERS (3T's males)of the PNS | Acetylcholine (Ach) Norepinephrine Epinephrine |
| Acetylcholine is released by which neurons? | All PSNS Pre and Postganglionic All SNS Pre & most sweat gland postganglionic All motor to skeletal muscles |
| Norepinephrine released by what neurons? | All postgang of SNS except sweat glands |
| Epinephrine is released by | Adrenal Medulla |
| The RECEPTORS (2 Primary females) | Cholinergic Adrenergic |
| Cholinergic Receptors (female) Respond to? | Ach |
| ADRENERGIC Receptors (female) respond to? | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
| Why are receptor SUBTYPES (kids) important? | INCREASES SELECTIVITY OF DRUGS |
| Cholinergic SUBTYPES | nicotinicN nicotinicM muscarinic |
| ADRENERGIC SUBTYPES | alpha 1, alpha 2 beta 1, beta 2 |
| Where are nicotinicN (neuronal) receptors? | Cell bodies of postganglionic neurons of ANS and the adrenal medulla |
| Where are nicotinicM (muscle) receptors? | neuromuscular junction (skeletal muscle) |
| Where are muscarinic receptors? | All PSNS target organs and sweat glands |
| When NicotinicN is activated...? | Stimulates PSNS and SNS postgang nerves and epi is released from adrenal medulla |
| When NicotinicM is activated...? | Contraction of skeletal muscle |
| When Muscarinic receptor is activated...? | Parasympathetic organs targeted... Decreases pupil(myosis) AND Heart Rate Digestion, urination & defication Sweating, Vasodilation, Erection |
| Where are ADRENERGIC Subtype receptors alpha, beta, or both? | All SNS organs EXCEPT sweat glands. Also on Epi-regulated organs |
| What happens when Alpha 1 receptor is activated? | -Increased pupil size (mydriasis) -Arteriols of skin/viscera/mucous membranes AND veins constrict -trigone/sphincter contract, no urination -Ejaculation |
| When Alpha 2 is Activated? | Inhibition of Transmitter Release |
| When Beta 1 is activated? | Heart-increased rate, force, velocity Kidney-Renin release |
| When Beta 2 is activated? | -Dilation-heart, lung, sk.muscle arterioles AND bronchi -Uterus-relaxation -Liver & Skeletal muscle-glycogenolysis -Skeletal muscle-enhanced contraction |
| What is the ONLY Transmitter that can activate Beta 2 Receptors? | EPINEPHRINE |
| What does EPINEPHRINE do? | PREPARES BODY FOR FIGHT OR FLIGHT |
| T-EPINEPHRINE can specifically activate which Adrenergic SubReceptors? | Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1 AND BETA 2 |
| T-NOREPINEPHRINE can specifically activate which Adrenergic SubReceptors? | Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1 |
| T-Dopamine can specifically activate which Adrenergic SubReceptors? | Alpha 1, Beta 1, Dopamine |
| What does Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) do? | DESTROYS Acetylcholine, degrading it back into acetate and choline. |
| Can Ach be taken back up for reuse? | NO - only choline |
| When does the Ach life cycle end? | Uptake of choline completes Ach life cycle |
| Explain Ach Life Cycle | Ach is released Binds then dissociates from receptors Destroyed almost instant by AchE Degrades back to acetate & choline Choline taken back up for reuse |
| How can drugs or toxins alter Ach? | Interfere, mimic, or block during life cycle |
| When is life cycle of Norepinephrine terminated? | Reuptake- can be reused, or destroyed by MAO |
| Explain EPINEPHRINE life cycle | Synthesis in Adrenal Medulla; first makes Norepinephrine then converts to Epinephrine Travels via bloodstream to target organs Liver metabolizes; NOT taken up by nerves |
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