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Biology - Chpt 2 voc

biology

QuestionAnswer
Matter anything that takes up space and has mass
elements all matter, living or nonliving, is made up of elements (92 elements) Elements are the building blocks for carbs, proteins, and lipids.
6 elements Essential for living CHNOPS - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur. All are required for life.
Atom Smallest part of an element that displays the properties of an element. Made up of subatomic particles. Elemts and atom are interchangable words. (Atomic Theory -JOhn Dalton)
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons protons (positive) Nuetrons (neutral; uncharged, electrons (negative)
Atomic Number Number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic Mass Number of protons + number of neutrons
Molecules Is formed when two or more atoms (of the same element) bond together.
Compound When two or more atoms (of different) elements bond together
Isotopes Atoms of the same element that differ in their number of neutrons - Low and high levels of radiation.
Electrons The number of electrons in the OUTER SHELL determines whether and atom reacts with other atoms
Ionic Bonding Tranfer of electrons between atoms result in ions that are held together by an ionic bond, the attraction of negative and positive charges
Covalent Bonding Results when two atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has an octet of electrons in the outer shell. Molecules have a three-dimensional shape that oftem determines their biological function.
Hydrogen Bonding Polarity within water molecules caused the hydrogen atoms in one molecule to be attracted to the oxygen atoms in other water molecules, from a hydrogen bond (weakest, unless many are linked together - double helix)
Nonpolar and Polar Covalent Bonds When sharing of electrons between two atoms in fairly equal, the covalent bond is NONPOLAR. The unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond results in aslightly negative charge and a slightly positive charge, resulting in a POLAR covalent bond.
When a chemical reaction occurs... energy may be given off or absorbed.
In ionic compunds, Electrons are... Given or accepted
Noble Gases Neon, Helium, crypton, argon - outer shell has 8 electrons, and obeys octet rule
Octet rule element has 8 electrons in outer circle = inert (noble) gases. Can't interact/react with any other atom.
3 ways atoms can react give up, accept, or share electrons to have 8 electrons in the outer shell.
Created by: allee0203
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