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Unit 2 Biology Vocab
Unit 2 Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | anything that occupies space and has mass |
| Volume | the amount of space occupied by matter |
| Mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| Density | the ratio of matter's mass to its volume |
| Physical State | the form in which matter exists |
| Atom | The basic unit of matter |
| Proton | has a relatively large mass and a positive charge |
| Neutron | Almost the same mass as a proton but has no charge |
| Electron | relatively small mass and a negative charge |
| Nucleus | the center of the atom |
| Element | a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom ⢠Atomic Number |
| Mass Number | The number of protons plus the number of neutrons |
| Isotope | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons that they contain |
| Atomic Mass | the weighted averages of the masses of an element's isotopes |
| Compound | a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in specific proportions |
| Ionic Bond | a chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Cation | positively charged ion |
| Anion | Negatively charged ion |
| Covalent Bond | a type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared |
| Molecule | the smallest unit of most compounds that displays all of the properties of that compound |
| Hydrogen Bond | weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom |
| Cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| Adhesion | force of attraction between different kinds of molecule |
| Heat capacity | amount of heat energy required to increase temperature |
| Mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| Solution | type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed |
| Solute | the substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| Solvent | the substance that does the dissolving in a solution |
| Suspension | mixture of water and non-dissolved material |
| pH scale | measurement system used to indicate the concentration of H^+ ions in a solution |
| Acid | a compound that forms hydrogen ions ( H^+) in a solution |
| Basic | a compound that produces hydroxide ions( OH^â )in a solution |
| Buffer | a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| Organic compounds | must contain carbon and must come from a living thing |
| Functional groups | groups that have special groups of reactive atoms that contain elements such as, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorous |
| Polymerization | process in which large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together |
| Dehydration synthesis | forming bonds between molecules by removing water molecules |
| Monomers | small chemical units that make up a polymer |
| Polymer | molecules formed by linking two or more monomers |
| Hydrolysis | breaking of bonds of a polymer by inserting water molecules |
| Carbohydrates | compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms usually in a 1 |
| Monosaccharide | simplest carbohydrate |
| Disaccharide | sugars made of two covalently bonded monosaccharaides |
| Polysaccharide | giant polymer that consists of thousands of linked monosaccharaides |
| Lipids | macromolecules that are made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| Fats | compounds composed of glycerol and fatty acids |
| Phospholipids | lipids that contain phosphorous |
| Fatty acids | a compound consisting of a chain of carbon atoms with an acid group at one end |
| Saturated fat | contains only single bonds between the carbons |
| Unsaturated fat | contains one double bond between carbons |
| Polyunsaturated fats | contains more than one double bond between carbons |
| Nucleic acids | macromolecules contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous |
| Nucleotide | consists of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group |
| Proteins | macromolecules containing nitrogen, as well as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes sulfur |
| Amino acid | compound that contains an amino group (-NHsub2) on one end, a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other, and a side group |
| Peptide bond | covalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid |
| Chemical Reaction | a process that changes or transforms on set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| Reactants | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| Products | elements or compounds that are produced from a chemical reaction |
| Endothermic reactions | a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed (cold to the touch) |
| Exothermic reactions | a chemical reaction in which energy is released (warm or hot to the touch...or light) |
| Catalyst | a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Enzymes | a protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions |
| Substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
| What are the four physical properties? | volume, mass, density, physical state |
| What subatomic particles are in the nucleus? | protons and neutrons |
| What subatomic particles have a reletively large mass? | protons and neutrons |
| Which subatomic particle has a relitively small mass? | electrons |
| What are the different types of chemical bonds? | ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds |
| What is an example of an ionic bond? | |
| What is an example of a covalent bond? | |
| What is an example of a hydrogen bond? | |
| What are the two mixtures formed with water? | suspension and solution |
| What is an example of a suspension? | orange juice and muddy water |
| What is an example of a solution? | kool-aid and salt water |
| Explain how something is classified as organic | it has to have carbon and has to come from a living thing |
| What is an example of a monomer? | |
| What is an example of a polymer? | |
| What are the two reactions that deal with polymers? | dehydration synthesis and hydrolosis |
| What are the different types of carbohydrates? | monosaccarides, disaccarides, and polysaccarides |
| What are some examples of a monosaccaride? | glucose and fructose |
| What are some examples of a disaccaride? | sucrose and starch |
| What are some examples of a polysaccaride? | glycogen, starch, cellulose, and chitin |
| What are the different types of lipids? | wax, oil, and fat |
| What is the protein structure? | amino acids bonded together make a peptide bond; peptide bonds bonded together make a polypeptide; polypeptides bonded together make a protein |
| What are the functions of protein? | to control the rate of reactions, regulate cell processes, form important cellular structures, transport substances into or out of cells, and to help fight disease |
| What are nucleic acids made of? | nucleotides |
| What are the types of nucleic acids? | RNA and DNA |
| What is the pH scale range? | O-14 |
| What is a base on the pH scale? | 7-14 |
| What is an acid on the pH scale? | 0-7 |
| What is neutral on the pH scale? | 7 |
| What are the different macromolecules most common in living things? | carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins |
| What does CHONPS stand for? | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate, sulfur |
| What does cohesion allow water to do? | stick to itself and bead up; and it causes surface tension |
| What does adhesion allow water to do? | makes a meniscus that we have to be careful to look at |
Created by:
sarah.storer.15
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