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Abnormal test #1
test info from the lectures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| From the lectures: | |
| Societal definition of abnormal | deviance from the norm |
| normal | to be average; not be different from everyone else |
| medical definition of abnormal | hazardous; broken; bad |
| psychological def of abnormal | a person did not live their life to the fullest |
| DSM of abnormal behavior: When is a behavior evidence of a mental disorder? | if a behavior interferes with: 1.) social behaviors 2.) occupational functioning Example:downgrade in occupational status-college professor to bus boy at McDonalds |
| Diathesis-stress Model (Psychoanalytic model) How does it explain behavior? | Explains what a person is predisposed to or things that they may be at risk of developing Under high enough stress, predisposed subject or object will break |
| Id | personality given to us at birth. It is a survival instinct ex. eating, drinking, sleeping |
| The Id is considered to be a... | pleasure seeker. It involves only doing things that feel good. Avoids pain and discomfort. The Id is either 100% satisfied or 100% miserable. It is also selfish and inconsiderate |
| The Id has no sense of…. | right and wrong |
| Types of Id dominating disorders? | Psychopath, sociopath, serial killer, and rapist |
| Superego | good conscience. Has a moral sense of right and wrong. Unlike the Id is is considerate and selfless |
| What is the superego influence by? | Is influenced by society but later becomes internalized |
| How are the Id and Superego alike? | They are both absolute. Superego is either 100% good morally or 100% bad morally. |
| What is the job of the ego? | to balance the tension between the Id and the Superego ex. Making deals with yourself (if i eat this piece of cake, I am going to work out this evening to burn off the calories). |
| Ego Defense Mechanisms | serves the purpose of avoiding or reducing "internal psychological conflict" btw the Id and Superego. |
| What are types of dominating superego disorders? | depression. Person feels like they are worthless and that they cannot amount to anything. |
| What does DSM stand for? | Diagnostic and statistical Manuel |
| What is etiology? | the causation of an illness |
| What is predisposing etiology? | something that happens that increases risks of developing illnesses ex. alcoholism- could be due to genetics or social learning |
| What two factors can influence alcohol use? | Social network and stress |
| What is predisposing etiology based upon? | ONLY based upon increased risk, but there is no guarantee that person will develop disorder. |
| What is Primary etiology? | a certain factor that causes a certain illness. Commonly used in medicine= HIV causes AIDS |
| How often are Primary etiologies used? | Very rarely, almost never. |
| what is precipitating etiology? | the last factor that pushed a person or thing over the edge. "The last straw". |
| Reinforcing etiology? | why some people do not get physically or mentally better. |
| What is the name of the medical term that also means reinforcing etiology? | Secondary gain |
| Why are people less likely to get better under reinforcement etiology? | Any behavior followed by a reward is likely to happen again. When someone is hurt, they get more slack and benefits for being disabled. ex. workers comp, social security, disabilities, etc. |
| What type of mentality may be developed through reinforcement etiology? | that one can receive rewards for being in pain, therefore they are more likely to continue to be in pain. |
| Pain is considered to be what? | A behavior |
| predisposition | tendency to a condition or quality, usually based on the combined effects of genetic and environmental factors. |
| Symptom | a phenomenon that arises from and accompanies a particular disease or disorder and serves as an indication of it. |
| Defense mechanism | an unconscious process, as denial, that protects an individual from unacceptable or painful ideas or impulses. |
| Psycho dynamic refers to the... | cognitive and unconscious mind |
| Unconscious mind | things that are happening in your mind that you are not aware of. |
| Diathesis Stress Model | It explains what a person may be predisposed to Note: Everyone is predisposed to some form of illness but |
| EDM: Fantasy | reduces pressure from the ID by allowing its expression, but causes minimal SUPEREGO distress because there is no overt action. "Letting the ID express it needs on the mind" EX. imagining yourself having an argument with someone you are mad at |
| EDM: Repression | "forgetting; prevents painful emotional awareness (of ID drives) and need for "revenge" or by action by ID; the event is 100% forgotten— it never happened EX. not remembering the events of the death of a family member |
| EDM: Denial | form of "forgetting", but not 100%; the person tries to ignore reality or refuses to face the truth. EX. convincing yourself that you really didn't just get an underage, when in fact you did. |
| EDM: Displacement | Expression of ID impulse on a "safe target"; usually anger or hostility, but can be expression of non-allowed feelings such as comfort or love. EX. A person who is angry with his mother, mistreats his wife. |
| EDM: Projection | placing an unacceptable ID impulse on another person or object; this serves the purpose of allowing the feelings to exist but avoids SUPEREGO responsibility for the feeling ***See sheet for examples |
| EDM: Reaction-formation | Acting the opposite of the "real" feelings in order to minimize the possibility of the ID "acting out" and showing true feelings. Usually noted by person acting in an extreme manner without any consideration of other feelings ***See sheet for examples |
| EDM: Rationalization | after an action or thought (ID based), attempting to prove that it was "logical" choice, therefor avoiding guilt. EX. You sleep in and skip a class(SUPEREGO makes you feel guilty), so you tell yourself that t was okay to skip since now you are more reste |
| EDM: Undoing | after an unacceptable action (ID), an attempt to reduce guilt (SUPEREGO) by offering a "gift" or apology. If the other person accepts the gift, there is no guilt as all is forgiven. If they refuse, the guilt is transferred to them. ***See sheet for EX! |
| EDM: Identification ***See sheet for more details and examples!! | "with aggressor"-when faced with a powerful person who mistreats you, your ID wants revenge, but "realizes" actions provoke more mistreatment. So you identify with the aggressor and take on their point of view— now their mistreatment of you in justified |
| EDM: Compensation | In order to overcome basic feelings of inferiority, the person has a lifestyle (and self-image) in which they act "superior" EX. a person who feels weak becomes obsessed with health and becomes a body builder **See sheet for more EX's! |
| What is Reinforcement? | A reward |
| Respondent learning/classical conditioning | Mandatory learned behavior |
| Axis 1 of DSM | Axis 1: Clinical syndromes— most of the mental illnesses. 90% of disorders are one like depression, OCD, Anorexia, ADHD, etc. |
| Axis 2 of DSM | personality disorders and mental retardation— disorders that are considered life long. Personality traits that cannot be changed. Doctors teach them how to function despite their disorder. |
| Axis 3 of DSM | medical problems that may be a factor in diagnosis or treatment |
| Axis 4 of DSM | psychological stressors— specify the types of stressors that may be a factor in development of the disorder or in treatment (what's going on in person's life, new or old). EX. history of abuse, family problems, warfare. |
| Axis 5 of DSM | Global assessment of functioning-current and highest in last year— 100 point rating system with some guidelines regarding the degree of social-occupational impairment (numerical scale of how someone is doing). THIS AXIS IS USUALLY IGNORED |
| Which axis' of the of DSM focus on individual? | Axis' 3-5 |
| Under which axis' do people usually receive diagnosis under? | Axis 1-2. Covers 100% of all disorders. |
| What information can be found in DSM? | Diagnostic features, subtypes and/or specifiers, recording procedures, associated features and disorders, specific culture, age, and gender features, prevalence, course, familial patterns, and differential diagnosis. |
| What information is missing from the DSM? | Treatment and etiology |
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aawebb12
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