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BIOL 251 001
CHP 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DEFINITION OF MICROBIOLOGY | THE STUDY OF ORGANISMS TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN WITHOUT MAGNIFICATION |
| TYPE OF MICROORGANISMS | 1. BACTERIA 2. VIRUSES 3. FUNGI 4. PROTOZOA 5. HELMINTHS (WORMS) 6. ALGAE |
| BRANCHES OF STUDY WITHIN MICROBIOLOGY | 1. IMMUNOLOGY 2. PUBLIC HEALTH MICROBIOLOGY & EPIDEMIOLOGY 3. FOOD, DAIRY & AQUATIC MICROBIOLOGY 4. BIOTECHNOLOGY 5. GENETIC ENGINEERING & RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY |
| MICROBES ARE INVOLVED IN | 1. NUTRIENT PRODUCTION & ENERGY FLOW 2. DECOMPOSITION 3. FOODS, DRUGS & VACCINES PRODUCTION 4. BIOREMEDIATION 5. CAUSATION OF DISEASE |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCARYOTIC CELLS | 1. LACK OF NUCLEUS 2. LACK OF OTHER MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS | Eukaryotic cells are large, advanced and multicellular. They do contain membrane-bound organelles and do have a distinct nucleus |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES | VIRUSES ARE TINY PARTICLES, NOT CELLS, THAT CONSIST OF GENETIC MATERIAL SURROUNDED BY A PROTECTIVE COVERING |
| ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK | 1. FIRST TO OBSERVE LIVING MICROBES 2. HIS SINGLE-LENS MAGNIFIED UP TO 300X |
| SCIENTIFIC METHOD | HYPOTHESIS --> TESTING --> THEORY --> LAW/ PRINCIPLE |
| HYPOTHESIS | A TENTATIVE EXPLANATION THAT CAN BE SUPPORTED OR REFUTED BY OBSERVATION & EXPERIMENTATION |
| THEORY | THEORY IS FORM WHEN THE HYPOTHESIS IS SUPPORTED BY A GROWING BODY OF EVIDENCE & SURVIVES RIGOROUS SCRUTINY |
| LAW OR PRINCIPLE | WHEN EVIDENCE OF A THEORY IS SO COMPELLING THAT THE NEXT LEVEL OF CONFIDENCE IS REACHED --- IT BECOMES A LAW OR PRINCIPLE |
| SPONTANEOUS GENERATION | EARLY BELIEF THAT SOME FORMS OF LIFE COULD ARISE FROM VITAL FORCES PRESENT IN NONLIVING OR DECOMPSOING MATTER |
| LOUIS PASTEUR (1822 - 1895) | 1. SHOWED MICROBES CAUSED FERMENTATION & SPOILAGE 2. DISPROVED SPONTANEOUS GENERTATION OF M.O. 3. DEVELOPED ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES 4. DEVELOPED A RABIES VACCINE |
| GERM THEORY OF DISEASE | MANY DISEASES ARE CAUSED BY THE GROWTH OF MICROBES IN THE BODY AND NOT BY SINS, BAD CHARACTER, OR POVERTY, ETC. |
| ROBERT KOCH (1843 - 1910) | 1. ESTABLISHED A SEWUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL STEPS TO SHOW THAT A SPECIFIC M.O. CAUSES A PARTICULAR DISEASE. 2. DEVELOPED PURE CULTURE METHODS 3. IDENTIFIED CAUSE OF ANTHRAX, TB, & CHOLERA. |
| TAXONOMY | A SYSTEM FOR ORGANIZING, CLASSIFYING & NAMING LIVING THINGS |
| CATERGORIES OF TAXONOMY | DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM/ DIVISION CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES |
| 3 DOMAINS | 1. EUBACTERIA - TRUE BACTERIA, PEPTIDOGLYCAN 2. ARCHAEA - ODD BACTERIA THAT LIVE IN EXTREMEM ENVIRONMENTS, HIGH SALT & HEAT 3. EUKARYA - HAVE A NUCLEUS & ORGANELLES |
| NAMING MICOORGANISM | 1. BINOMIAL (SCIENTIFIC) NOMENCLATURE 2. GIVES EACH MICROBES 2 NAMES - GENUS - NOUN ALWAYS CAPITALIZED - SPECIES - ADJECTIVE, LOWERCASE 3. BOTH ITALICIZED OR UNDERLINED |
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