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Micro Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What organism causes Mumps? | paramyxovirus (genus) mumps virus (RNA) |
| What organism causes Genital warts? | papillomavirus (genus) Human papillomavirus |
| What organism causes Gastric ulcers? | Helicobacter pylori |
| What organism causes Genital herpes? | simplexvirus (genus) HSV herpes simplex 2 (DNA) |
| What organism causes Dysentary (USA)? | Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri |
| What organism causes Pelvic inflammatory disease? | Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis |
| What organism causes Conjunctivitis? | Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| What organism causes Syphilis? | Treponema pallidum (gram -) |
| What organism causes Vaginitis? | Candida albicans |
| What organism causes Diptheria? | Corynebacterium diphtheria |
| What organism causes Whooping cough? | pneumovirus (genus), respiratory syncytial virus, Borditella pertussis |
| What organism causes Strep throat? | Streptococcus pyogenes (gram +) cocci |
| What organism causes Sinisitis? | rhinovirus as secondary infection, allergies |
| What organism causes Hepititis? | hepatitis A virus,HAV (RNA, enterovirus), hepatitia B virus, HBV (DNA, Hepadnaviridae) intact viruses are called Dane particles, hepatitia C virus (RNA, Flaviviridae) |
| What organism causes Gingivitis? | Tannerella forsythus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis |
| What organism causes Opthalmia neonatorum? | Neisseria gonorrhea |
| What is the gram reaction for Neisseria? | gram – (cocci)(n is negative) |
| What is the gram reaction for Bacillus? | gram + (rod) |
| What is the gram reaction for Clostridium? | gram + (endospore-forming rod)(clos is plus) |
| What is the gram reaction for Shigella | gram – (straight rods) (negella) |
| What is the gram reaction for Salmonella? | gram – (negella) |
| What is the gram reaction for Escherichia? | gram – (rod) (ia is negative) |
| What is the gram reaction for Vibrio? | gram – (rod) (io is negative) |
| What is the gram reaction for Helicobacter? | gram – (rod) (negabactor) |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Influenza? | Disease: Flu. HA, chills, dry cough, body aches, fever, stuffy nose, and sore throat. . Extreme fatigue can last for days or weeks. Vulnerable to secondary infections (bacterial), can lead to pneumonia which can cause rapid death. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Neisseria gonorrhea? | Disease:Gonorrhea,Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum.S&S:males,painful urination,yellow discharge,or asymptomatic. In females,mucopurulent,bloody discharge, painful urination. Can progress to salpingitis,PID,sterility,ectopic preg.r/t scar tissue. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Clostridium perfringens? | Disease: Gas gangrene, Food poisoning. S/S: acute abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. s/s gangrene, cellulitis, necrosis, initial symptoms pain, edema, bloody exudates, fever, tachycardia. If not treated will invariably be fatal. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Clostridium difficile? | Disease: pseudomembranous colitis, atb-assoc. colitis. produces 2 enterotoxins A and B & can cause areas of necrosis.S/S: diarrhea,severe cases: abdominal cramps, fever, & leukocytosis. d and sloughs off. perforation of the cecum and death can result |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Vibrio cholerae? | Disease: Cholera. S/S: vomiting, watery feces, fluid loss of 1 liter per hour, and loose 50% of body wt during course of disease. causes loss of blood volume, acidosis severe thrist, flaccid skin, sunken eyes, if untreated, death w/in 48 hrs. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Helicobacter pylori? | Disease: Gastritis, Gastric Ulcers (peptic ulcers). S/S: gastritis,sharp or burning pain. Severe ulcers can be accompanied by, bloody stools, vomiting, or both, sx are worse at night, after eating, and with stress. major factor in stomach cancer. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Histoplasma capsulatum? | Disease: Histoplasmosis (AKA) Darling’s disease, Ohio valley fever, and Spelunker’s disease. S/S:aches, pains, and coughing, more severe cases: fever, night sweats, wt loss.In AIDS pts infection can lead to lesion on brain, intestines, heart, liver,skin |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Chlamydia? | Disease: Genital Chlamydia. S/S:usually asymptomatic.males: inflam. of urethra, sx mimic gonorrhea, discharge and painful urination, untreated epididymitis. In females: cervicitis, discharge, and salpingitis, PID. Newborns: conjunctivitis, and pneumonia. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Haemophilus ducreyiu? | Disease: Chancroid. S/S: begins as a soft papule, or bump, at the point of contact, develops into a soft chancre, which is very painful in men, but may be unnoticed in women. Inguinal lymph nodes can become very swollen and tender. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Giardia? | Disease: Giardia. S/S: Diarrhea for long periods, abdominal pain, and flatulence. Stools have a greasy, malodorous quality. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Trichamonas? | Disease: Trichamonas, does not survive long outside the host. S/S: asymptomatic infections in approximately 50% of men and women. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Salmonella typhi? | Disease: Thyphoid fever. S/S: infection that leads to septicemia, fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain. small intestine ulceration, hemorrhage, perforation, and peritonitis.circulatory system may lead to nodules or abscesses in the liver or urinary tract. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Legionella pneumophila? | Disease: Pneumonia. S/S: upper respiratory tract sx, runny nose, congestion, HA, fever. Lung sx: chest pain, fever, cough, and production of discolored sputum, difficulty breathing, pale in color, and an overall sickly appearance. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for E. coli O157:H7? | intestinal symptoms. Most variant of all E. coli ,(enterohemorrhagic E. coli).S/S mild gastroenteritis w/ fever to bloody diarrhea.10% pt's develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS severe hemolytic anemia w/kidney damage/failure).more serious kids/elderly |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Group A and B Strep? | Disease:pharyngitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever,glomerulonephritis, necrotizing fasciitis.S/S: scarlet fever: sandpaper like rash. Rheumatic fever: 3 weeks after pharyngitis, can cause damage to heart valves.Glomerulonephritis:swelling in the hands |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Cryptosporidium? | Disease: Cryptosporidium gastroenteritis. S/S: mimic other types of gastroenteritis, HA, sweating, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. AIDS patients may develop chronic cryptosporidial diarrhea used as a criterion to help diagnose AIDS. |
| What are the signs and symptoms for Rotavirus? | Disease:primary viral cause of mortality resulting from diarrhea. Gastoenteritis.S/S: for adults, common but its course is generally mild. Babies 6-24 mos have greatest risk for fatality; sx watery diarrhea, fever, vomiting, dehydration,shock |
| What is Antigenic drift? | MINOR antigen changes in influenza viruses due to mutation in the spikes/genes. Antigenic drift occurs in all types of influenza including influenzavirus A, influenza B and influenza C. |
| What is Antigenic shift? | MAJOR changes in ALL influenza viruses due to recombination of viral strains from two different host species. occurs only in influenzavirus A because it infects more than just humans |
| What is long term immune response? | developed in an organism by its own production of antibodies in response to an exposure to an antigen, a pathogen or to a vaccine. (Active immunity is long-term) and can be acquired by infection followed by B cells and T cells activation, or artificially |
| What is Chemoautotrophs? | : An organism (typically a bacterium or a protozoan) that obtains energy through chemical process, which is by the oxidation of electron donating molecules from the environment, rather than by photosynthesis. |
| What is competitive inhibition of enzymes? | compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. |
| What is aerobes? | An aerobic organism, i.e. an organism that requires oxygen for growth and oxygen based metabolism (e.g. aerobic respiration).Oxygen is final electron acceptor |
| What is anaerobes? | does not require oxygen/lives in anaerobic environment. anaerobes use fermentation or anaerobic respiration. they use sulfate, nitrate, iron, manganese, mercury, or carbon monoxide as electron acceptors for respiration.lower energy yield |
| What is lag phase? | Period of time between the time a microorganism into a culture medium and the time it begins to increase exponentially |
| What is stationary phase? | The plateau of the growth curve after log growth in a culture, duringwhich cellnumber remains constant. New cells are produced at the same rate as oldercells die. |
| What is growth phase? | growth phase is the same phase as exponential phase.just different name. At exponential phase the individual bacteria are reproducing at their maximum rate;their number increases during this phase. This phase can be a period of exponential growth. |
| What is colony forming units (CFU's)? | A measure of viable cells in a colony(single progenitor cell). number in a sample per mL. it tells the degree of contamination in samples of water, vegetables, soil or fruits, or the magnitude of the infection in humans and animals |
| What is optimal temperature, pH and osmotic pressure? | most favorable conditions to promote the growth of an organism |
| What is binary fission? | A type of asexual reproduction common among prokaryotes wherein a cell divides giving rise to two cells, each having the potential to grow to the size of the original cell. |
| What is mesophiles? | microorganisms that grow at intermediate temperatures |
| What is facultative anaerobes? | microbes that have the ability to adapt to variations/not obligate. May or may not need O2 to survive |
| What is anabolic reactions? | anabolic reactions require energy in the build up of proteins. Energy consuming process of incorporating nutrients into protoplasm thru biosynthesis |
| What is passive transport? | A kind of transport by which ions or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which means movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. And no energy required |
| What is catabolism? | The process involving a series of degradative chemical reactions that break down complex molecules into smaller units, usually releasing energy in the process. |
| What is Chemotroph? | An organism (typically a bacterium or protozoan) that obtains energy through chemical process, which is by the oxidation of electron donating molecules from the environment, rather than by photosynthesis. |
| What is Animation? | The creation of an amine, either by addition of an amino group to an organic acceptor compound or by reduction of a nitro compound. |
| What is fermentation? | An anaerobic (without oxygen) cellular process in which organic foods are converted into simpler compounds, and chemical energy (ATP) is produced. |
| What is Transamination? | The transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to a carbohydrate fragment |
Created by:
Merrill15888
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