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Biology - Chapter 3
Chapter 3 - Modern Biology (polar bear book)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the smallest unit of life | The cell |
| What 3 people's observations formed the cell theory, and what part did each play? | Schleiden - plants Schwann - animals Virchow - cells come from other cells |
| What does the cell theory say? | 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. 3. All cells arise from preexisting cells |
| Who was the first person to see cork cells? | Robert Hooke |
| Who was the first person to see living creature and what did he call them? | Anton van Leeuwenhoek He called them animalcules |
| What are the 2 types of microscopes, and what do they do? | Compound light - uses light and two or more lenses Electron - uses a beam of electrons |
| What are some characteristics of compound light microscope? | - uses 2 or more lenses - uses light - uses low magnification - can view living or dead specimens - magnification = ocular lens(which is 10x) X objective lens (which is 10x) Total magnification = (10 x 10) = 100x |
| What are some characteristics of electron microscopes? | - uses a beam of electrons - specimens must be placed in a vacuum - cannot be used to view living things - has very powerful magnification |
| What are the 2 types of electron microscopes? | Transmission and Scanning |
| What is an important factor in limiting cell growth, and why? | Surface, because the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough waste |
| What are common features of all cells? | - cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - cytoskeleton - DNA |
| What are the 2 types of cells? | Prokaryote and Eukaryote |
| What are the functions of the prokaryote controlled by? | The DNA Plasmid, NOT the nucleus (NO nucleus) |
| What are modern prokaryotes generally known as? | Bacteria |
| What type of cell does NOT have a nucleus? | Prokaryote |
| What is the oldest cell type? | Prokaryote |
| What type of bacteria are most prokaryotes? | Unicellular bacteria |
| Describe the makeup of prokaryote? | They are no internal membrane bound organelles |
| What is another name for Kingdom Monera? | Bacteria |
| What are all other organisms (except bacteria) known as? | Eukaryotes |
| What type of cells are the cells of animals, plants, fungus, and protists? | Eukaryotic |
| What type of structures are in eukaryotes? | Specialized structures called organelles that perform a specific function |
| What is the only type of cell that has membrane bound organelles? | Eukaryotic cells |
| What is a eukaryotic? | A cell with a well defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope |
| What kind of system do eukaryotes have? | A system of internal membranes |
| Why is the cell membrane also called the gate keeper? | Because it allows materials to enter and leave |
| What is the structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell? | The cell membrane. All substances that enter or leave a cell MUST cross the cell membrane |
| What does selectively permeable mean? | It allows only some things to pass in or out |
| What does the cytoskeleton do? | Provides the internal framework for the cell |
| What does the cytoskeleton have that supports the shape of the cell? | A mesh like network of protein fibers |
| What are microtubules? | A highway system of the cell |
| What are Microfilaments? | Support structures of the cell |
| What is cytoplasm? | Gel-like substance found within the cell that supports the cell |
| What is included in the cytoplasm? | The fluid, cytoskeleton, and all the organelles except the nucleus |
| What are the 12 cell organelles? | 1. Nucleus 2. Ribosomes 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough and smooth) 4. Golgi apparatus 5. Lysosomes 6. Mitochondria 7. Vesicle or Vacuole 8. Centrioles 9. Chromosomes 10. DNA 11. Cell Wall 12. Plastids |
| What does the nucleus do? | Houses a cell's DNA, which contains heredity information |
| What does DNA do? | Stores information that directs the activities of the cell |
| What is the nuclear envelope? | A double membrane surrounding the nucleus |
| What does the nuclues contain? | Chromosomes |
| What are chromosomes? | rod shaped structures that are made up of DNA and protein |
| What are ribosomes? | The site of protein synthesis in a cell |
| Where are proteins made in a cell? | On the ribosomes |
| What are free ribosomes? | They are found floating in the cytoplasm |
| What are attached ribosomes? | They are attached to the endoplasmic recticulum |
| What does the endoplasmic recticulum do? | Helps to maintain homeostasis by moving substances from one part of the cell to another |
| What are the 2 types of ER and what is the difference? | Rough ER - has ribosomes embedded on its surface Smooth ER - has no ribosomes embedded |
| What is the Golgi Apparatus? | The packaging and distribution center of the cell |
| What are lysosomes? | Organelles that contain digestive enzymes that break down cellular materials (CHO, proteins, nucleoc, lipids, etc) |
| What are lysosomes also referred to as? | A suicide sac, or a waste management system |
| What is the function of a lysosome? | To digest and recyle cellular components |
| What is the powerhouse of a cell (or energy)? | The mitochondria |
| What do mitochondria contain? | DNA |
| The mitochondria produces most of the cells WHAT? | Energy |
| Where does the mitochondria store this energy? | in cpds called ATP |
| FACT | More energy requirements = more mitochondria |
| FACT | Muscle cells have more mitochondria than skill cells |
| What do chloroplasts (plants) do? | Use light energy to make CHO (sugar) glucose |
| What is the main thing associated with chloroplasts? | plant photosynthesis |
| What contains its own DNA? | Chloroplasts |
| What are chloroplasts thought to be descendents of? | prokaryotic cells |
| What type of cells do NOT contain a cell wall? | Animal cells |
| What does a cell wall do? | Provide support and protection for plants, bacteria, and fungi |
| What is Cilia? | shorthair like structures that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows (movement) |
| What is Flagella? | Long whip like structure used for movement |
| What are the major differences between a plant and animal cell? Plant here | Plant has the following: - chloroplasts/chlorophyll - large central vacuole - cell wall, which is made of cellulose - Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall - Plants do not have centrioles |
| What are the major differences between a plant and animal cell? Animal here | Animal cells do NOT have a cell wall Animal cells do NOT have Chloroplasts Animal cells do NOT have a central vacuole - they have smaller vesicles Animal cells have centrioles |
| What identifies a cell as an Eukaryote | It has a nucleus |
| Where are chromosomes found? | In the nucleus |
| How do we recognize an animal cell? | There is NO cell wall |
| Will have to lable an animal cell? | Nucleus - Mitochondria - ER - Lysosome - Golgi Apparatus - Cell Membrane |
Created by:
austincarson
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