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Science Exam

Standard 2.0 Review Exam

QuestionAnswer
List the 4 major macromolecules? Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acid.
Carbohydrates Monomer? Monosaccharide
Lipids Monomer? Glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
Proteins Monomer? Amino Acid.
Nucleic Acid Monomer? Nucleotide.
Example of Carbohydrates? Bread, pasta, potato, starches, cereal
Example of Lipids? Milk, cheese, oil vegetable,
Example of Proteins? Meat, cheese, fish
Example of Nucleic Acid? DNA & RNA
Are they organic or inorganic? (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acid) Organic
1:2:1, CHO Carbohydrates
More H's than O's Lipids
Has CHO, N & P Nucleic Acid
Has CHO, NH2, COOH Protein
Functions of Carbohydrates? 1.Stores Extra Sugar 2.Structural Component
Functions of Lipids? 1.Stores Energy 2.Membrane & Waterproof Covering 3.Steroids serve as Chemical Messengers
Functions of Proteins? 1.Control Rate of Reactions 2.Form bones and Muscles 3.Transport substances into or out of cells 4.Help fight diseases 5.Regulate Cell Process
Functions of Nucleic Acids? 1.Stores and Transmit Heredity or Genetic Info. 2.Makes Proteins
Amino Acid? Are compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end.
Carbohydrates? Are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
Lipids? Are made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Monomer? Single part.
Polymer? Many parts.
Monosacchrides? Single sugar molecule includes lactose, which is a component of milk and fructose which is fruits.
Polysaccharides? Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides. Glycogen, animal starch.
Nucleic Acid? Are macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.
Nucleotides? Consists of three parts: a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous.
Organic Chemistry? Is the study of all compounds that contains bonds between carbon atoms.
Protein? Are macromolecules that contains nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Activation Energy? Energy that is needed to get a reaction started.
Active Site? Substrates to bind to a site on the enzyme.
Catalyst? Is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reactions. Catalyst work by lowering a reactions activation energy.
Chemical Reaction? Release energy and other reactions absorb energy.
Chemical reactions occur ________? Spontaneously
Chemical Reactions that absorb energy will not occur without what? A source of energy.
Enzyme? Are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells.
Product? The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reactions.
Reactants? The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction.
Substrate? The reactants of enzyme of catalyzed reactions.
Macromolecules? Large Molecules
Through what process are macromolecules formed? Polymerization
DNA & RNA are both examples of which type of macromolecule? Nucleic Acid.
What happens when you change the sequence of amino acid? The shape changes and protein changes.
A change in pH can change the shape of a protein. How might a change in pH affect the functions of an enzyme such as hexokinase? Many enzymes are affected by changes in temperature. Cells can regulate the activities of enzymes in many ways.
pH 7? Neutral.
pH 6? Acidic.
pH 8-14? Basic.
pH 1-3? Strong Acid.
pH 11-14? Strong Basic.
What kind of chemical reactions occur spontaneously? Release Energy.
How is energy released from reactions? Whenever chemical bonds form or are broken.
How do Catalyst work? By lowering a reactions activation energy.
What do enzyme do? Cells use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions that takes place in cells.
What happens when a reaction is over? The products of the reaction are released and the enzyme is free to start the process again.
What term is used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started? Activation Energy.
What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reacttions? It always involves change in chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds.
Chemical reactions always involves changes in_______? Chemical Bonds.
What is released or absorbed whenever chemical bonds form or broken? Energy
The binding together of an enzyme and a substrate forms a(n) Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Created by: High-School
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