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pathology q2
final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| study of bodily fluids | clinical pathology |
| examination of a dead human body is | autopsy, post morteum examination of the body, and necropsy |
| an acute disease is | rapid onset with short duration |
| a disease caused by a pathogenic organism is | infectious |
| the state or condition of being poisoned | intoxication |
| disease caused by lack of an essential element | deficency |
| a sudden increase in severity of signs and symptoms | exacerbation |
| objective manifestation of a disease | acute, symptom |
| change produced by a disease | lesion |
| study of the cause of disease is | etiology |
| the varius pathological processes indicating some disturbance in cell metabolism | regressive tissue changes |
| enter into the healthy because of overflow | infiltration |
| injuries | degenerations |
| when coloring matters pass into the tissues and accumulate | pigmentation |
| coloring matter is from normal pigment present in the body | endogenous |
| pigment which entered the body from outside | exogenous |
| orange yellowish pigment present in bile | billirubin |
| digestive juice produced by the liver and is involved in lipid breakdown | bile |
| billirubin collects in the tissues causing a yellowish discoloration of the skin, whites of eyes, and other areas | jaundice or icterus |
| results from the hemolysis of red bloods cells | post mortem stain |
| abnormal amounts of melanin accumulate in the tissues | melanosis. freckle or mole are common examples |
| pigmentations caused by inhalation of dust are | pneumoconiosis |
| pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust | anthracosis. black lung disease |
| inhalation of stone dust | silicosis |
| inhalation of cotton dust and related foreign materials | byssinosis. mill fever or brown lung |
| general term referring to the deterioration of cells within the body due to changes which occur within the cytoplasm of cells and which affecttheir normal functions | degeneration |
| fatty molecules are accumulationg within cells and have adverse effect on normal cellular function | fatty degeneration. fatty liver. enlarged, yellowish, and greasy to the touch |
| waxy starchlike substance called amyloid is deposited in the tissues. matabollic disorder involving proteins | amyloid diease |
| cellular swelling. given to the appearence cells take on when they are somewhat swollen and contain an abnormal amount of water | cloudy swelling |
| condition in which calcium is deposited withing the tissues of the body with no attempt at bone formation | pathological calcification |
| lesions of tuberculosis | tubercles |
| decrease in size of a once normal body part | atrophy |
| the body part never properly developes | hypoplasia |
| normal atrophy | mammory glands after milk production ceases, uterus after pregnancy, old age, thymus gland |
| may occur as result of various functional and structural problems which occur in different organs of the body | pathological atrophy |
| common reasons for pathological atrophy | inadequate nutrition, inadequate nervous system stimulation, disuse |
| the study of disease | pathology |
| study of the structure and function of the body as it is affected by disease | pathology |
| studies changes in the structure and function of the body which can be observed with the unaided eye | gross pathology |
| studies changes which occur in cells of the body at the microscopic level | microscopic, cellular, or histo- pathology |
| deals with general or broad disease processes, such as necrosis or inflammation, which may affectthe entire body or wide- spread tissues and organs | general pathology |
| studies disease processes affecting individual body areas or systems, such as pathology of the respiratory system or disease of the skin | special pathology |
| deals with the study of tissue which have been removed from the body for pathological study | pathological anatomy ex. biopsy |
| if tissue is removed during surgery- during autopsy- | biopsy; autopsy pathology |
| refers to study the funtional changes in the body resulting from disease | physiological pathology |
| any change in the structure or function of the body as a result of injury to the tissues | disease |
| gradual onset with a long duration | chronic |
| an acute disease that ends in death | fulminating disease |
| symptoms and signs of a disease reappear after a period of remission | recurrent disease |
| a disease caused by a living microorganism | infectious disease |
| disease in which are easily spread person to person | contagious |
| refers to presence of macroscopic organisms on or in the body | infestation |
| cause of disease is not know | idiopathic |
| disease results from the nature of one's open working conditions | occupational |
| diseases which are always present to some degree in a given area or community | endemic |
| diseases which are found to occur only occasionally in a community | sporadic |
| diseases which affect a much larger than normal number of people in a community at one time | epidemic |
| disease which affect the majority of the population in a very large area, possibly even world wide | pandemic |
| refers to the number of cases of a disease within a certain population at a given time | prevelence |
| developement of a disease after birth | acquired disease |
| congenital disease | present at or before birth |
| a disease transmitted from parent to offspring. genetic diseases | hereditary |
| a disease characterized by the precence of fever | febrile disease |
| one which results from a physicians treatment of patient | iatrogenic |
| any defect in formation, structure or position of a body part | malformations or anaomalies |
| absence of a body part | aplasia |
| underdevelopemnt of a body pary | hypoplasia |
| a defect in the walls of the lower part of the spinal column | spina bifada |
| excess number of fingers or toes | polydactylism |
| protrusion of an organ through the wall of a body cavity in which it is contained | hernia |
| an abnormal tract or chanel through the tissues connecting one body cavity with another | fistula |
| a sac like structure containing fluid or a semi solid substance | cyst |
| genetic defect resulting in various degrees of mental retardation, a dwarfed physique, and certain characteristics of the head and extremities | Down's syndrome |
| any change produced by a disease | lesion |
| diseases have readily identifiable characteristic lesions | organic diseases |
| a disease with no apparent underlying organic disorder | funtional disease |
| subjective manifestation of a disease. cannot be measured | symptoms |
| objective manifestation of disease. can be measured | sign |
| a group of signs and symptoms that occur together | syndrome |
| the determination of what disease exists. analysis of patient history, signs, sympotoms, and results of tests ordered by the physician | diagnosis |
| differential diagnosis | the process by which a physician will rule out certain diseases with similar signs and symptoms so that an accurate determination can be made |
| prediction of the outcome of a disease | prognosis |
| abatement; temporary or permanent disappearance of signs or symptoms | remission |
| any unfavorable condition that may arise during a disease | complication. ex: hemorrhage resulting from duodental peptic ulcer |
| the cause of the disease | etiology |
| the developement of a disease, what it causes, what changes it produces, nd how it affects the structure | pathogenesis |
| prediposing factors | age, race, gender, genetics, occupation, enviroment |
| trauma | cuts or bruises |
| physical agents | radiation, electricity |
| chemical agents | acids, alkalines, poison, drugs |
| living agents | bacteria, viruses, parasites |
| deficency | vitamins, minerals, hormones |
| allergens | dust, pollen |
| remote afteraffects of disease. may appear 20 or 30 years after the acute stage | sequelae |
| a disease that arises during the course of another disease | intercurrent. example cancer patient has a heart attack |
| non pus forming | non- suppurative disease |
| a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another | communicable |
| a sate of hypersensativity of the immune system; an overreaction to a harmless substance called an allergen | allergy |
| a disease with no apparent underlying organic disorder | functional disease |
| when the host body produces antibodies against an antigen it is | active immunity |
| cardinal manifestations of acute inflammation | redness |
| exudate that contains blood | hemorrhagic |
| white blood cell that are first to enter the area of injury | neutrophil |
| an area of pus surrounded by a wall of inflammatory tissue | abcess |
| localized area of necrosis in skin and mucous membranes | ulcer |
| an elevation of skin containing pus | pustule |
| furuncle | boil |
| any new, abnormal growth of tissue in the body which serves no useful purpose | a neoplasm |
| the study of neoplasms or tumors | oncology |
| type of growth that is not neoplastic in nature | hypertrophy |
| term used to descibe an increase in the size of a body part due to an increase in the size of the individual cells | hypertrophy |
| when an organ increases in size due to the failure of another organ | compensatory hypertrophy (kidney or lung) |
| an increase in the size of a body part due to an increase in the number of cells in that organ | hyperplasia |
| endocrine glands | produce hormones |
| replacement of one type of tissue in a major category by another type of tissue in that same category | metaplasia |
| histological basis | type of tissue from which the tumor arises |
| clinical basis | how the tumor behaves and general characteristics |
| the more serious, life threatening type of tumor. normally refers to cancer | malignant |
| non- cancerous | benign |
| gorw by exspansion | benign |
| grow by infiltration | malignant |
| tumor that is often encapsulated | benign |
| tumors generally not encapsulated | malignant |
| tumor that does not spread from growth site | benign |
| tumor that can spread from one body are to another. metastasis | malignant |
| tumors that do not generally cause exstensive destruction of tissues | benign |
| tumors that do cause great damage to surrounding tissues | malignant |
| usually bear a fairly close resemblance to the tissue from which they originated | benign |
| tumors that generally do not recur when surgically removed | benign |
| tumors that often do recur after surgery | malignant |
| tumors that are not generally fatal | benign |
| the suffix oma refers to a tumor that is | benign |
| used to identify malignancies of non- epithelial tissues, especially varius connective and muscle tissue tumors | sarcoma |
| this ending designates malignancies of epithelial tissue | carcinoma |
| tumors of the bone | osteoma- benign; osteosarcoma- malignant |
| tumors of fibrous connective tissue | fibroma- benign; fibrosarcoma- malignant |
| tumors of cartilage | chondroma- benign; chondrosarcoma- malignant |
| tumors of fatty or adipose tissue | lipoma- benign; liposarcoma- malignant |
| tumors of the vessels | angioma- benign; angiosarcoma- malignant |
| tumors of the lymphatic vessels | lymphangioma-benign; lymph- angio- sarcoma-malignant |
| tumors of blood vessels | hemangioma- benign; hemangiosarcoma- malignant |
| tumors of lymphoid tissues or lymph nodes | lymphoma- malignant; lymphosarcoma- benign "Exception" |
| form of lymphoma | Hodgkin's disease |
| leukemia | cancer of the blood; malignant; uncontrolled leukocytes or too much white blood cells |
| tumors of glandular epithelium | adenoma- benign; adenocarcinoma- malignant |
| tumors of stratisfied squamous epithelium | epithelioma- malignant; squamous cell carcinoma- malignant "exception" |
| basal cell carcinoma | malignant |
| transitional cell carcinoma | malignant. urinary tract cells |
| papilloma | benign. may turn malignant |
| nevus | mole. benign |
| melanoma | malignant. "exception" |
| myoma | tumors of the muscle- benign |
| smooth or involuntary muscle tissue | leiomyoma |
| voluntary muscle tisse | rhabdomyoma |
| myosarcoma | malignant muscle umor |
| leiomyosarcoma | smooth or involuntary muscle tissue |
| rhabdomyosarcoma | voluntary muscle tissue |
| benign tumors of the nerve cells | neuroma |
| malignant tuomr involving the neuroglia | glioma |
| term given to any agent capable of causing cancer | carcinogen |
| heredity, envriomental factors, occupational exposure to chemicals, prolonged irritation, viruses, hormones, | important carcingogenic agents |
Created by:
kvulgaris
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