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Biology 1210

Part 15 Mitosis

QuestionAnswer
how do prokaryotic cells divide? asexually
binary fission the cell divides into 2 cell
why is cell division in eukaryotes more complext than in prokaryotes? because eukaryotic contain more DNA; eurkaryotic DNA is packaged differently.
can eurkaryotes divide asexually? yes.
name the phases of interphase G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase.
G1 phase primary growth phase
S phase DNA replication
G2 phase microtubule synthesis
M phase (Mitosis) chromosomes pull apart
C phase (Cytokinesis) cytoplasm divides
diploid cells have homologous chromosomes (aka homologs)
homologous chromosomes (homologs) 2 similar chromosomes
have many chromosomes does human have? how many homologs? 46 chromosomes and 23 pairs of homologs
histones positively charged proteins that DNA wraps around
what do nucleosome (bead) consist of? 200 nucleotides of DNA and histones
chromatin coiled DNA
name an emergent property of DNA the strands of the double helix are complementary (A-T, C-G) so an exact copy of DNA can be made
mitosis mades identical (blank) 2n cells diploid
meiosis makes (blank) 1n gametes haploid
mitosis occurs where? in somatic (non reproductive) cell
where do meiosis occur? in germ (reproductive) cells; results in the production of gametes
what is mitosis reproduction use for? developmet; growth and cell replacement; asexual reproduction
What are the phases in M phase? prophase; metaphase; anaphase; telophase
C phase (cytokenesis) cytoplasm divides
cleavage furrow pinches the cell in two
cell plate divide the cell
how many cell division can human cells undergo? about 50
which cells can divide endlessly? cancer cells and stem cells
G1 checkpoint cell growth is assessed
G2 checkpoint DNA replication is assessed
M checkpoint mitosis is assessed
G0 extended rest period
name the 2 classes of growth-regulating genes proto-oncogenes and tumor-supressor genes
proto-oncogenes encode proteins that simulate cell division
tumor-suppressor genes encode proteins that inhibit cell division
p53 protein monitors the integrity of DNA; if DNA is damaged, the protein halts cell division and simulates repair enzymes; tells cells to destroy themselves if damaged beyond repair.
What if p53 is mutated? cancerous cells repeatedly divide, no stopping at the G1 checkpoint
Created by: Tiffastic
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