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68wM6Anti-infectives
Anti-infective Meds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antiinfectives Therapy | Obtaining a C&S before initiating TX will reduce drug resistance and optimize drug selection. Monitor BUN and Creatinine during TX. If tx is long term, monitor AST, ALT, CBC, HCT & Bilirubin labs |
| Antiinfective – Implementation | Administer around to clock – Maintains therapeutic serum drug level. – Complete course of medication – Length depends on organism and site – Be aware of possible superinfections |
| Antiinfective Patient Teaching | Take around the clock until completely finished – even if feeling better Report the signs of super infections: – Black, furry overgrowth on the tongue – Vaginal itching or discharge – Loose or foul-smelling stools – Allergic reaction |
| Sulfonamides | Bacteriostatic antibiotic – does not kill the bacteria but does inhibit growth. Broad spectrum – acts on both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Eliminated through the kidneys |
| Sulfonamides-contrindicted | Contraindicated Drug allergy to sulfonamides Pregnant women at term *Infants less than 2 month old |
| Sulfonamides-advers effects | Adverse effects: –Rash (extreme is Toxic epidermal necrolysis also known as Steven-Johnson syndrome) Photosensitivity reactions – GI upset, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis – Aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia |
| Sulfonamides-Interactions | – Potentiate hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas in diabetic treatment – Potentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin (leading to possible hemorrhage) – Potentiate effects of phenytoin – Reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives |
| Penicillins | Bactericidal antibiotic*Kills the bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis4 subgroups of PCN can act on either gram positive or gram positive and gram negative bacteria Eliminated:through kidneys |
| Penicillins- contrindicated | Contraindicated:known drug allergy History is important because trade names do not end in “cillin” |
| Penicillins- | Adverse effects: – Rash, Pruritis, hives, Steven-Johnson syndrome – Anaphylactic reaction – GI upset, abdominal pain, taste alterations, oral candidiasis – Anemia, granulocytopenia, increased bleeding times, bone marrow depression |
| Penicillins | Interactions: – Reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. – Potentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin (leading to possible hemorrhage) – Rifampin inhibits the action of PCN – Probenecid (gout medication) prolongs the effects of PCN |
| Interactions: – Reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. – Potentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin (leading to possible hemorrhage) – Rifampin inhibits the action of PCN – Probenecid (gout medication) prolongs the effects of PCN | Interactions: – Reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. – Potentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin (leading to possible hemorrhage) – Rifampin inhibits the action of PCN – Probenecid (gout medication) prolongs the effects of PCN |
| Penicillins Examples | Examples Natural PCN - PCN G, PCN VK Penicillinase resistant - Nafcillin Aminopenicillins - Ampicillin, Amoxicillin Extended Spectrum - Piperacillin |
| Macrolides | Bacteriostatic -inhibit growth. In high concentrations will have bactericidal properties Broad spectrum antibacterial activity especially effect bacterial species that reproduce inside host cells instead of in bloodstream or interstitial spaces |
| Macrolides Contraindicated | Contraindicated - known drug allergy to macrolides |
| Macrolides | Adverse effects: Rash, pruritus, urticaria, thrombophlebitis at IV site Chest pain, palpitations, prolonged QT interval (rare) GI upset, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis Headache, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss |
| Macrolides | Macrolides potentiate the effects of digoxin, carbamazepine (Tegretol),cyclosporine, theophylline and may cause toxicity. |
| Macrolides | otentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin (leading to possible hemorrhage) Do not give with medications that prolong QT interval Reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives |
| Macrolides | Examples: Erythromycin- E-mycin, EES Clarithromycin- Biaxin Azithromycin-- Zithromax |
| Quinolones sometimes referred to as Fluoroquinolones | Bactericidal kills bacteria by altering bacteria’s DNA Broad spectrum antibacterial activity acts on gram negative & select gram positive |
| Quinolones | Eliminated through the kidneys Contraindicated in known drug allergy & prepubescent children affects cartilage development in laboratory animals |
| Quinolones | Adverse effects-Adverse effects: BLACK BOX WARNING—Tendonitis Rash, pruritus, urticaria, photosensitivity reactions, flushing GI upset, dysphagia, constipation, increase AST & ALT Aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia Fever, chills, |
Created by:
ninja3lake
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