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68wM6Anti-infectives

Anti-infective Meds

QuestionAnswer
Antiinfectives Therapy  Obtaining a C&S before initiating TX will reduce drug resistance and optimize drug selection.  Monitor BUN and Creatinine during TX. If tx is long term, monitor AST, ALT, CBC, HCT & Bilirubin labs
Antiinfective – Implementation  Administer around to clock – Maintains therapeutic serum drug level. – Complete course of medication – Length depends on organism and site – Be aware of possible superinfections
Antiinfective Patient Teaching  Take around the clock until completely finished – even if feeling better  Report the signs of super infections: – Black, furry overgrowth on the tongue – Vaginal itching or discharge – Loose or foul-smelling stools – Allergic reaction 
Sulfonamides  Bacteriostatic antibiotic – does not kill the bacteria but does inhibit growth.  Broad spectrum – acts on both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.  Eliminated through the kidneys
Sulfonamides-contrindicted Contraindicated Drug allergy to sulfonamides Pregnant women at term *Infants less than 2 month old
Sulfonamides-advers effects Adverse effects: –Rash (extreme is Toxic epidermal necrolysis also known as Steven-Johnson syndrome) Photosensitivity reactions – GI upset, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis – Aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia
Sulfonamides-Interactions – Potentiate hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas in diabetic treatment – Potentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin (leading to possible hemorrhage) – Potentiate effects of phenytoin – Reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives
Penicillins Bactericidal antibiotic*Kills the bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis4 subgroups of PCN can act on either gram positive or gram positive and gram negative bacteria Eliminated:through kidneys
Penicillins- contrindicated Contraindicated:known drug allergy History is important because trade names do not end in “cillin”
Penicillins-  Adverse effects: – Rash, Pruritis, hives, Steven-Johnson syndrome – Anaphylactic reaction – GI upset, abdominal pain, taste alterations, oral candidiasis – Anemia, granulocytopenia, increased bleeding times, bone marrow depression
Penicillins  Interactions: – Reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. – Potentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin (leading to possible hemorrhage) – Rifampin inhibits the action of PCN – Probenecid (gout medication) prolongs the effects of PCN
 Interactions: – Reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. – Potentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin (leading to possible hemorrhage) – Rifampin inhibits the action of PCN – Probenecid (gout medication) prolongs the effects of PCN  Interactions: – Reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. – Potentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin (leading to possible hemorrhage) – Rifampin inhibits the action of PCN – Probenecid (gout medication) prolongs the effects of PCN
 Penicillins Examples Examples Natural PCN - PCN G, PCN VK Penicillinase resistant - Nafcillin Aminopenicillins - Ampicillin, Amoxicillin Extended Spectrum - Piperacillin
Macrolides Bacteriostatic -inhibit growth. In high concentrations will have bactericidal properties  Broad spectrum antibacterial activity especially effect bacterial species that reproduce inside host cells instead of in bloodstream or interstitial spaces  
Macrolides Contraindicated Contraindicated - known drug allergy to macrolides
Macrolides Adverse effects:  Rash, pruritus, urticaria, thrombophlebitis at IV site Chest pain, palpitations, prolonged QT interval (rare) GI upset, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis Headache, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
Macrolides Macrolides potentiate the effects of digoxin, carbamazepine (Tegretol),cyclosporine, theophylline and may cause toxicity.
Macrolides otentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin (leading to possible hemorrhage) Do not give with medications that prolong QT interval Reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives
Macrolides Examples: Erythromycin- E-mycin, EES Clarithromycin- Biaxin Azithromycin-- Zithromax
Quinolones sometimes referred to as Fluoroquinolones Bactericidal kills bacteria by altering bacteria’s DNA Broad spectrum antibacterial activity acts on gram negative & select gram positive
Quinolones Eliminated through the kidneys Contraindicated in known drug allergy & prepubescent children affects cartilage development in laboratory animals
Quinolones Adverse effects-Adverse effects:  BLACK BOX WARNING—Tendonitis Rash, pruritus, urticaria, photosensitivity reactions, flushing GI upset, dysphagia, constipation, increase AST & ALT Aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia Fever, chills,
Created by: ninja3lake
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