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SUPA14

QuestionAnswer
Mendel's First Law Paired factors and Segregation
Mendel's organism pea plants
genotype organism's genes
phenotype visible traits
alleles forms of a gene
P1 parent generation
F1 first generation
dominant trait an allele that masks another's expression
recessive trait allele that is not expressed
homozygous having the same alleles for a trait
heterozygous having 2 alternate forms in a pair of alleles
heterozygous hybrid
pure or true breeding homozygous
inoperative allele the recessive allele that is not expressed
partial dominance when the phenotype of a heterozygote is between the 2 different homozygotes
codominance when the heterozygote expresses both traits
antigen surface molecule on cells
multiple alleles when there are more than two alleles for a gene
epistasis when the expression of one gene interferes with the expression of another
locus location of a gene on a chromosome
polygenic inheritance when many different gene loci contribute to a single phenotypic trait
sex limited traits effect only one gender
Type A Blood codominant
Type B Blood codominant
type O blood recessive; universal donor
Type AB codominant; universal recipient
independent assortment alleles of unlinked loci are randomly distributed to gametes
heteromorphic 2 different shapes as in X and Y chromosomes
sex linkage when a genetic trait is influenced by sex
males XY
females XX
10% percent of human genes carried on the X chromosome
hemizygous having no counterpart on the Y chromosome for X-linked genes
sex-linked traits hemophilia & color blindness
gene linkage when some genes stay together during assortment
Hardy-Weinberg principle the mathematical prediction that allele frequencies do not change from generation to generation
monohybrid cross shows the inheritance of a single gene
dihybrid cross shows the inheritance of two alleles at difference loci
crossing over when homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA
bacteriophage a virus that infects bacteria
Chargaff determined the ratio of a:t and g:c was always the same in organisms tested
Watson & Crick determined structure of DNA
DNA nucleotide deoxyribose, phosphate, & nitrogenous base
bonds between bases weak hydrogen
RNA ribonucleic acid
substitutes for thymine in RNA uracil
codon sequence of 3 bases in DNA and RNA
transcription when part of DNA is copied onto RNA
translation when the RNA code is decoded into a protein at a ribosome
chi-square a measure of deviation from a hypothetical expectancy
Thomas Hunt Morgan started genetic studies with Drosophila melanogaster
Rh factor blood antigen
hemolytic disease incompatible cells from fetus stimulate production of antibody by the mother
deme local population of similar individuals
Griffith injected pneumococci into mice
Avery, MacLeod, McCarty identified DNA as the transforming substance in pneumococci
Zinder & Lederberg did transduction experiment involving the transfer of genetic properties between bacteria via bacteriophages
Hershey & Chase determined DNA of bacteriophage enters bacterium (not protein coat)
Meselson & Stahl demonstrated semiconservative nature of DNA replication
constitutive enzymes produced all the time
inducible enzyme not synthesized unless substrate present
structural gene sequence of DNA that codes for an enzyme
operator gene controls adjacent structural genes
promotor gene signals the start of mRNA synthesis
regulator gene produces repressor protein
repressor protein binds to operator to prevent transcription
Jacob and Monod determined the functioning of the lactose operon
recombinant DNA inserting the DNA of one species into another species
plasmid small ring of DNA in bacteria
restriction enzymes cleave DNA is specific places
DNA ligases enzymes that repair breaks in DNA
Created by: gaffney
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