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68WM6 A&P 2
Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Movement of a body part away from the midline. | Abduction |
| Movement of a body part toward the midline. | Adduction |
| A thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis. | Articular Cartilage |
| Moves the distal end of a bone in a circle. | Circumduction |
| The outer layer of bone that is hard and dense. | Compact Bone |
| An oval projection that fits into an elliptical socket. | Condyle |
| A sharp edge. | Crest |
| Or Shaft - A hollow tube made of hard, compact bone. | Diaphysis |
| A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity. | Endosteum |
| Catilage between the epiphyses and the diaphysis. | Epiphyseal Plate |
| The ends of bones. | Epiphyses |
| Increasing the angle of a joint, as in straigtening a bent elbow. | Extension |
| Reduces the angle of a joint, as in bending an elbow. | Flexion |
| Areas where ossification is incomplete or known as soft spots. | Fontanel |
| The process of blood cell formation. | Hematopoiesis |
| The hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone containing yellow bone marrow. | Medullary Cavity |
| A large depression on the posterior surface of the humerus. | Olecranon Fossa |
| Bone reabsorbing cells. | Osteoclasts |
| Living bone cells. | Osteodytes |
| A bone-forming cell. | Osteoblasts |
| A strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone everywhere except at joint surfaces. | Periosteum |
| Soft connective tissue inside the hard walls or some bones. | Red Bone Marrow |
| Spins one bone relative to another, as in rotating the head at the neck joint. | Rotation |
| Spaces or cavities within some of the cranial bones. | Sinus |
| The porous bone in the end of the long bone. | Spongy Bone |
| An immovable joint. | Suture |
| Provides a rigid framework and support structure for the whole body. | Purpose of Skeletal System |
| *Support *Protection *Movement *Storage *Hematopoiesis | Function of Skeletal System |
| Skull consists of (A) bones. (B) cranial bones and (C) facial bones. | A)22 B)8 C)14 |
| Anterior portion of the skull above the eyes. | Frontal Bone |
| One ______ bone is located on each side of the skull just behind the frontal bone. | Parietal Bone |
| The bone that forms the back of the skull and the base of the cranium. | Occipital Bone |
| The bones that form parts of the side and the base of the cranium. | Temporal Bones |
| The bone that forms the central part of the floor of the cranium. | Sphenoid Bone |
| The bone that forms part of the roof of the nasal cavity. | Ethmoid Bone |
| Contractile protein found in the THIN myofilaments of skeletal muscle. | Actin |
| When stimulated, a muscle fiber will contract fully or not at all. | All or None |
| Those having opposing actions. Ex: Muscles that flex the upper arm are _____ to muscles that extend it. | Antagonists |
| Broad fiberous sheets of connective tissue, in scalp, hand, back, around spin, and around abs. | Aponeuroses |
| When aponeuroses is wrapped around the end of a muscle it is called _____. | Fascia |
| Wasting away of tissue; decreasing in size of a part. | Atrophy |
| Synovial fluid-filled sac located between some tendons and bones, making movement easier. | Bursa |
| Increase in size, structure, or function. | Hypertrophy |
| "equal measure"; type of muscle contraction in which muscle does not shorten and no movement is produced. | Isometric |
| Type of muscle contraction in which muscle length changes, producing movement of a joint. | Isotonic |
| The muscle mainly responsible for producing a particular movement. | Prime Mover |
| Basic functional or contractile unit mover without movement. | Sacromere |
| Muscle that assists the prime mover with movement. | Synergists |
| Inflamation of the tendon sheath. | Tenosynovitis |
| Name the three types of muscle tissue? | *Skeletal *Cardiac *Smooth |
| This type of muscle has unique dark bands called intercalated disks. | Cardiac Muscle |
| Movement of this type of muscle is involuntary, lacks striations under microscope, and is found in blood vessel walls and hollow visceral structures. | Smooth Muscle |
| This muscle is striated, voluntary, and makes up of 40-50% of body weight. | Skeletal Muscle |
| Attachment to the bone that remains relatively stationary when a skeletal muscle contracts. | Origin |
| Point of attachment to the bone that moves when a skeletal muscle contracts. | Insertion |
| Muscle attaches to the bones by _____. | Tendons |
| Thick band of tissue that covers the bones on the bottom of the foot. | Plantar Fascia |
| Type of filaments that have myocin? | Thick |
| Type of filaments that have actin? | Thin |
| Sacromeres are separted from each other by dark bands called ______. | Z Lines |
| The first thing needed for a muscle group to contract is _______________. | Electrical Stimulus (nervous system) |
| The electrical stimulus in muscle contraction triggers in the release of what positively charged cat ion? | Calcium |
| The three primary functions of skeletal muscle are _____, ______, and _________. | Movement, Posture or muscle tone, and Heat Production |
| What specialized muscle contractions enable us to maintain body position and produce no movement of body part? | Tonic Contractions |
| If muscle cells are stimulated repeatedly without adequate periods of rest, the strength of the muscle contractions decrease, resulting in _______. | Fatigue |
| COntractions in the absence of adequate oxygen produces _______, which contributes to muscle soreness. | Lactic Acid |
| What is the specialized point of contact between a nerve ending and the muscle fiber it innervates? | Neuromuscular Juntion |
| What is the combination of a motor neuron with the muscle cell or cells it innervates. | Motor Unit |
| Term meaning the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber to contract. | Threshold Stimulus |
| Once stimulated by a threshold stimulus, a muscle fiber will contract completely , a response called _____________. | All or None |
| Contractions are a quick, jerky movement and do not play a significant role in normal muscular activity; they are a single contraction of muscle fibers caused by a single threshold stimulus. | Twitch |
| Contractions are sustained and stead muscular contractions caused by a series of stimuli bombarding a muscle in rapid succession. | Tetanic |
| Exercise involving contraction of muscles against heavy resistance. Increases number of microfilaments in each muscle fiber, does not increase muscle fibers. | Strength Training |
| Increases muscle's ability to sustain moderate exercise over a long period. Allows more efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and does not result in muscle hypertrophy. | Endurance Training |
| The kissing muscle, pucker lips. | Orbicularis Oris |
| The muscle surrounding the eye. | Orbicularis Oculi |
| The muscle that allows you to raise your eyebrows and frown. | Frontal Muscle |
| Muscles that elevate the corners of the mouth and lips, smiling muscle. | Zygomaticus |
| Muscle that closes mouth and produces chewing movements | Mastication |
| Muscle that flexes head. | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Muscles that elevate the shoulder and extends head. | Trapezius |
| Muscle that flexes the upper arm. | Pectoralis Major |
| Muscle that extends the upper arm. | Latissimus Dorsi |
| Muscle that abducts the upper arm. | Deltoid |
| Muscle that flexes the forearm. | Biceps Brachii |
| Muscle that extends the forearm. | Triceps Brachii |
| External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transversus Abdominis, and Rectus Abdominis ARE EXAMPLES OF MUSCLES OF THE ______? | Trunk |
| Intercostal and Diaphragm are EXAMPLES OF _________ MUSCLES. | Respirator |
| Iliopsoas, Gluteus maximus, and Adductor muscles are muscles of the ____________. | Lower Extremities |
| Hand position with the palm turned to the anterior position. | Supination |
| Occurs when the palm faces posteriorly. | Pronation |
| Results in elevation of the dorsum or top of the foot. | Dorsiflexion |
| Results in the bottom of the foot being directed downward. | Plantar flexion |
| Calcium is stored in the ______. | Bones |
| The most abundant ion in the body. | Calcium |
| RED or YELLOW: Which bone marrow is responsible for Hematopoiesis? | RED |
Created by:
swiget
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