Question 1

T/F: Food is contained in the gastrointestinal tract from the time of ingestion until it is completely digested and the waste prepared for elimination.

Accepted Answer

False
It's contained in the stomach

Question 2

T/F: Laparoscopy is the examination of the pericardial cavity using an endoscope

Accepted Answer

False
Examination of the peritoneal cavity

Question 3

T/F: As food passes through the digestive tract, it becomes less complex and the nutrients are more readily available to the body.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 4

T/F: Some of the microbes that often invade other organs of the body are rarely found in the stomach. The reason for this is the presence of HCl.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 5

T/F: The soft palate rises reflexing to open the nasopharynx whe we swallow food.

Accepted Answer

False
reflexively closes off

Question 6

T/F: Kupffer cells are found in the liver and are responsible for removing bacteria and worn-out cells.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 7

T/F: The pharyngeal-esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons.

Accepted Answer

False
in the medulla and lower pons

Question 8

T/F: The cell type of the wall of the large intestine, excluding anal cells, is very different from that of the small intestine

Accepted Answer

True

Question 9

T/F: Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells.

Accepted Answer

False
secreted by the cheif cells

Question 10

T/F: The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 11

T/F: Chemical digestion of lipids is initiated in the mouth.

Accepted Answer

False
is initiated in the small intestine

Question 12

T/F: The function of the enzyme salivary amylase is to begin digesting proteins.

Accepted Answer

False
digesting starch

Question 13

T/F: The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 14

T/F: Peyerʹs patches are found in the submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 15

T/F: The myenteric nerve plexus provides the major nerve supply to the GI tract wall and controls GI motility.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 16

T/F: The first teeth to appear are the deciduous teeth.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 17

T/F: The first teeth to appear are the deciduous teeth.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 18

T/F: The pancreas has both an endocrine and an exocrine function.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 19

T/F: Another term for swallowing is deglutition.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 20

T/F: The stomachʹs contractile rhythm is set by pacemaker cells found in the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

False
founnd in smooth muscle layer

Question 21

T/F: The major stimulus for production of intestinal fluid is distention or irritation of the intestinal mucosa by hypertonic or acidic chyme.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 22

T/F: Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villi by active transport.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 23

T/F: Ionic iron is actively transported into the mucosal cells, where it binds to the protein ferritin, a phenomenon called the mucosal iron barrier.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 24

T/F: The layer of muscle in the intestine directly in contact with the serosa is the circular layer.

Accepted Answer

False
is the longitudinal layer

Question 25

T/F: The mucosa is found only in the jejunum because this is the only part of the small intestine in need of mucus.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 26

T/F: Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 27

The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________.

Accepted Answer

in the walls of the tract organs.

Question 28

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.

Accepted Answer

collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

Question 29

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________.

Accepted Answer

digestion

Question 30

When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ______.

Accepted Answer

chemical digestion

Question 31

The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________.

Accepted Answer

the mesenteries

Question 32

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

Accepted Answer

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, & serosa

Question 33

The epithelial membrane called the mucosa ____.

Accepted Answer

contains the lamina propria

Question 34

The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________.

Accepted Answer

lamina propria

Question 35

The plicae circulares and intestinal villi are found in which of the four layers of the alimentary tube wall?

Accepted Answer

mucosa

Question 36

The structures that produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine are the ________.

Accepted Answer

intestinal crypts

Question 37

Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth.

Accepted Answer

There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20.

Question 38

Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth?

Accepted Answer

There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge.

Question 39

Which of the following is not true of saliva?

Accepted Answer

contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins

Question 40

The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells?

Accepted Answer

serous cells and mucous cells

Question 41

The solutes contained in saliva include ________.

Accepted Answer

electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA

Question 42

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________.

Accepted Answer

initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins

Question 43

Chyme is created in the ________.

Accepted Answer

stomach

Question 44

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

parietal cells

Question 45

Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?

Accepted Answer

enteroendocrine cells

Question 46

There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________.

Accepted Answer

before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought

Question 47

Peristaltic waves are ________.

Accepted Answer

waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another

Question 48

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________.

Accepted Answer

protein and peptide fragments

Question 49

Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________.

Accepted Answer

chief cells of the stomach

Question 50

You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal?

Accepted Answer

amylase

Question 51

The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________.

Accepted Answer

hydrolysis

Question 52

Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible?

Accepted Answer

lipase

Question 53

Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________.

Accepted Answer

HCl

Question 54

Hepatocytes do not ________.

Accepted Answer

produce digestive enzyme

Question 55

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?

Accepted Answer

B12

Question 56

Chief cells ________.

Accepted Answer

are found in the basal regions of the gastric glands

Question 57

Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Question 58

The ________ contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure.

Accepted Answer

liver

Question 59

If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the ________.

Accepted Answer

serosa

Question 60

The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the ________.

Accepted Answer

ileum

Question 61

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?

Accepted Answer

lipids

Question 62

________ is locally regulated in the blood by the active form of vitamin D, which acts as a cofactor

Accepted Answer

calcium

Question 63

The lamina propria is composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

loose connective tisuue

Question 64

Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves ________.

Accepted Answer

cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction

Question

Question

Question

Digestive23

Marieb Chapter 23 Digestive

Question	Answer
T/F: Food is contained in the gastrointestinal tract from the time of ingestion until it is completely digested and the waste prepared for elimination.	False It's contained in the stomach
T/F: Laparoscopy is the examination of the pericardial cavity using an endoscope	False Examination of the peritoneal cavity
T/F: As food passes through the digestive tract, it becomes less complex and the nutrients are more readily available to the body.	True
T/F: Some of the microbes that often invade other organs of the body are rarely found in the stomach. The reason for this is the presence of HCl.	True
T/F: The soft palate rises reflexing to open the nasopharynx whe we swallow food.	False reflexively closes off
T/F: Kupffer cells are found in the liver and are responsible for removing bacteria and worn-out cells.	True
T/F: The pharyngeal-esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons.	False in the medulla and lower pons
T/F: The cell type of the wall of the large intestine, excluding anal cells, is very different from that of the small intestine	True
T/F: Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells.	False secreted by the cheif cells
T/F: The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins.	True
T/F: Chemical digestion of lipids is initiated in the mouth.	False is initiated in the small intestine
T/F: The function of the enzyme salivary amylase is to begin digesting proteins.	False digesting starch
T/F: The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body.	True
T/F: Peyerʹs patches are found in the submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine.	True
T/F: The myenteric nerve plexus provides the major nerve supply to the GI tract wall and controls GI motility.	True
T/F: The first teeth to appear are the deciduous teeth.	True
T/F: The first teeth to appear are the deciduous teeth.	True
T/F: The pancreas has both an endocrine and an exocrine function.	True
T/F: Another term for swallowing is deglutition.	True
T/F: The stomachʹs contractile rhythm is set by pacemaker cells found in the spinal cord.	False founnd in smooth muscle layer
T/F: The major stimulus for production of intestinal fluid is distention or irritation of the intestinal mucosa by hypertonic or acidic chyme.	True
T/F: Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villi by active transport.	True
T/F: Ionic iron is actively transported into the mucosal cells, where it binds to the protein ferritin, a phenomenon called the mucosal iron barrier.	True
T/F: The layer of muscle in the intestine directly in contact with the serosa is the circular layer.	False is the longitudinal layer
T/F: The mucosa is found only in the jejunum because this is the only part of the small intestine in need of mucus.	False
T/F: Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach.	True
The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________.	in the walls of the tract organs.
The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.	collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage
The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________.	digestion
When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ______.	chemical digestion
The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________.	the mesenteries
From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.	mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, & serosa
The epithelial membrane called the mucosa ____.	contains the lamina propria
The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________.	lamina propria
The plicae circulares and intestinal villi are found in which of the four layers of the alimentary tube wall?	mucosa
The structures that produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine are the ________.	intestinal crypts
Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth.	There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20.
Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth?	There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge.
Which of the following is not true of saliva?	contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins
The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells?	serous cells and mucous cells
The solutes contained in saliva include ________.	electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA
In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________.	initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins
Chyme is created in the ________.	stomach
Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?	parietal cells
Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?	enteroendocrine cells
There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________.	before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought
Peristaltic waves are ________.	waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________.	protein and peptide fragments
Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________.	chief cells of the stomach
You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal?	amylase
The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________.	hydrolysis
Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible?	lipase
Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________.	HCl
Hepatocytes do not ________.	produce digestive enzyme
Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?	B12
Chief cells ________.	are found in the basal regions of the gastric glands
Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________.	Catabolism
The ________ contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure.	liver
If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the ________.	serosa
The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the ________.	ileum
Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?	lipids
________ is locally regulated in the blood by the active form of vitamin D, which acts as a cofactor	calcium
The lamina propria is composed of ________.	loose connective tisuue
Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves ________.	cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction
Select the correct statement about absorption.	If intact proteins are transported across the villus epithelium, an immune response may be generated.
Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption.	Iron and calcium are absorbed mostly by the duodenum.
You have just eaten french fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and whole milk. Which of the following glands would be active in helping you to digest this food?	pancreas
The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur	Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum
A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the ba	alkalosis
Hormones that inhibit gastric secretion include ________.	secretin
Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation?	inferior vena cava
Which of these is not a component of saliva?	nitric acid
There are some 20 known pathogens found in the large intestine; our Ig ________ antibody-mediated response restricts them from going beyond the mucosa and causing problems.	A

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