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MicroLabFinal11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| skin normal flora | Staphylococcus sp. Micrococcus sp. |
| respiratory tract normal flora | Staphylococcus sp. Streptococcus sp. |
| Branhamella cattarhalis | respiratory tract normal flora a gram negative diplococcus |
| digestive tract normal flora | Escherichia coli Enterobacter sp. Proteus vulgaris |
| urinary tract normal flora | should be sterile free of all bacteria |
| Family Micrococcacea | gram positive cocci arrange in clusters or tetrads halophilic (salt loving) |
| representative genera for Micrococcacea | Micrococcus and Staphylococcus |
| Micrococcus | gram pos cocci arranged in tetrads nonmotile obligate aerobes catalase positve on soil and freshwater found on skin and hair nonpathogenic produce pigments to help survive use MSA to test |
| Micrococcus lutea | buttery yellow colored colonies MSA: media red |
| Micrococcus rosea | rose red colored colonies |
| Micrococcus caseolyticus | used in cheddar cheese production, orange-yellow colored colonies |
| Staphylococcus | gram pos cocci arranged in clusters nonmotile faculatative anaerobe catalase positive found on skin and mucous membranes |
| Staphylococuss epidermis | coagulase negative, nonpathogenic MSA: media red |
| Staphylococuss aureus | coagulase positive, pathogenic causing many different diseases in man gold colored colonies MSA: media yellow |
| Family Streptococcacae | gram positive cocci arranged in chains or pairs only fermentative metabolism but can grow aerobically and anaerobically representative genus is Streptococcus |
| Streptococcus | gram pos cocci arranged in chains or pairs microaerophilic catalase negative ferments glucose anaerobically producing lactic acid most species parasites many species pathogenic |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | beta hemolytic, pathogenic causing Strep throat, Scarlet fever and Rheumatic fever agar changes clear; complete lysis--no red left |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | alpha hemolytic, causes pneumonia agar changes green; partial lysis |
| Streptococcus mutans | gamma hemolytic, causes dental caries |
| Streptococcus faecalis | gamma hemolytic, normal flora of intestines no color change; weak growth |
| blood agar | fastiduos organism only differential not selective (gram + and - grow) can tell one of three things: alpha, beta, gamma |
| most common in all mammals | Escherichia coli |
| walking pneumonia | Klepsiella sp. |
| obtained when bottle fed | Lactobacillus sp. |
| make vitamin K | Fusobacterium sp. |
| number one cause of UTIs | Proteus sp. |
| what are the test used to determine the metabolic activities of bacteria | simple carbohydrates complex carbohydrates SIMS urease catalase |
| simple carbohydrates complex carbohydrates SIMS urease catalase also test for | gram - enteric bacteria |
| what is the simple carbohydrates test | Durham tube test-uses glucose sucrose or lactose to test if a bacteria can do fermentation |
| fermentation | is the ability to produce enzymes needed to utilize sugars in absence of oxygen |
| products of fermentation | ACIDS with or wothout the production of gas |
| which microbes cannot do fermentation | those who only have enzymes fo aerobic metabolism |
| what are the substrates of the simple carbohydrates test | glucose sucrose lactose |
| what is the indicator in the simple carbs test | methyl red |
| process of durham tube test | nutrient broth with a single sugar and a pH indicator (phenol red) in a test tube. inoculate and look for color change |
| positive test result is | yellow |
| if uurham color change is yellow it means | acidic and can use fermentation |
| if durham test has no color change | it remains red and is basic -doesnt ferment |
| complex carbohydrates | starch requires an additional enzyme (amylase) in order for bacteria to utilize it. most fungi can but most bacteria cannot |
| enzyme that breaks down starch | amylase |
| complex carb test steps | -inoculate bacteria on basic media -let grow -add IKI |
| what is a positve result to complex carb test | "clear zone" around bacteria |
| what is a negative result to complex carb test | colony stained blue-black color bc IKI stains starch |
| what is the indicator in the complex carb test | IKI |
| what is the substrate in the complex carbs test | starch |
| what bacteria gives a positve cpmplex carb result | Bacillus subtilus |
| SIMS media | a test for hydrogen sulfide indole and motility |
| what does SIMS stand for | sulfide indole motility |
| what does the SIMS test look like | test tube with straight yellow media |
| how to perform SIMS test | inoculate and stab 1/2 through media |
| hydrogen sulfide | test to see if hydrogen sulfide is prodiced for the breakdown of sulphur containing AA |
| what amino acids contain sulohur | methionne and cystein |
| what is the hydrogen sulfide indicator | iron |
| what is a positive hydrogen sulfide result | black precipitate |
| what are teh hydrogen sulfide substrates | methionne and cysteine |
| indole test | to see of indole can be formed during the breakdown of tryptophane |
| steps of indole test | add 5 drops of kovacs reagent to SIMS tube and look for color change |
| what is the substrate in the indole test | tryptophane |
| what is the indicator in the indole test | kovacs reagent |
| what is a positive indole result | cherry red ring at top of tube |
| motility | can be determined by observing the growth away from the stab line |
| which bacteria give positive result for all SIMS test | Proteus vulgaris |
| urease | the enzyme that breaksdown urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide |
| ammonia | is very alkalineso the ph indicator in the tube (phenol red) will cause the color change to hot pink |
| what is the indicator in urease test | phenol red |
| what is the substrate in the urease test | urea |
| what are the products in the urease test | ammonia and CO2 |
| what is a positive urease result | color change to hot pink |
| what bacteria produces a positive urease result | Proteus |
| catalase | enzyme produced by bacteria to break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen |
| catalase test | inoculate bacteria onto slide pour H2O2 on bateria look for bubble formation |
| positve catalase result | bubble formation |
| a positve result means | the bacterium can produce catalase |
| the products of catalase metabolism | breaks down to H2O and O2(g) |
| what does the catalase test mainly distinguish | Staphylcoccus from Streptococcus |
| Staphylcoccus | catalase + |
| Streptococcus | catalase - |
| TSI slant | use needle to stab all the way to the bottom of the tube (butt) then streak slant –media is yellow color |
| what does TSI stand for | Triple Sugar Iron |
| what is in the butt portion of the TSI tube | glucose |
| what is glucose indicative of | differentiates bt aerobic and anaerobic fermentation of glucose |
| what does a black butt indicate | positive result- anaerobic fermentation of glucose |
| what is in the slant portion of the TSI tube | sucrose or lactose |
| what does the slant portion tell you | whether an organism can aerobically break down sucrose or lactose or both –do not know which one |
| what does a positive result in the slant look like | yellow slant |
| a neg slant result looks like | red |
| Iron | indicator for the breakdown of sulphur containing AA into hydrogen sulfide |
| a positive iron test | black precipitate in media |
| a black precipitate means | sulphur was broken down into hydrogen sulfide |
| what is the carbohydrate fermentation indicator in the TSI tube | phenol red |
| if carbohydrates can be fermented phenol red will turn | yellow in an acidic pH |
| the indicators in the TSI test are | iron and phenol red |
| the substrates in TSI are | glucose sucrose lactose sulphur |
| Proteus vulgaris results for TSI | yellow slant black butt (+ for all 3 test) |
| Salmonella typhimurium TSI results | red slant black butt (- for lactose and sucrose fermentation) (+ for iron and glucose ferm) |
| IMViC’s | series of test used in identifying Enterobacteriaceae (family of bacteria) |
| what does IMViC stand for | indole methyl red voges-proskauer citrate |
| indole | use SIMS tube- looking for indole production from the breakdown of tyrptophane-indicator is kovac’s reagent-positive result is cherry red color |
| methyl red | uses half of MR-VP broth. Test for the complete breakdown of glucose (substrate) to mixed acids. Inoculate and incubate for 72 hrs. add 5 ggts of methyl red (indicator) |
| what is the substrate in methyl red test | glucose |
| what is the product of positive methyl red test | mixed acids |
| what is the indicator in themethl red test | methyl red |
| what is a positive result | red color change |
| voges-proskauer | uses the other half of MR-VP broth. Add 10 drops of alpha-napthol and 5 drops potassium hydroxide (KOH). Let stand for 30 min |
| what is a positive VP | formation of red ring at top of broth |
| what is the indicator in VP test | alpha-napthol and KOH |
| what is the substrate in VP test | glucose |
| what is the product in VP test | acetylmethylcarbinol or 1 2 butanediol |
| what is the only bacteria that shows a positive VP result in lab | Enterobacter aerogenes |
| citrate | green slant—test for breakdown of citrate |
| what is the substrate in citrate test | citrate |
| what is the indicator in citrate test | bromthymol blue |
| what is a positive citrate result | blue color change |
| know that Proteus vulgaris is | + for all test except VP and lactose |
| know that Shigella flexneri is | - for all except MR |
Created by:
marosado10
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