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Science Notes #20
DNA replication and Protein synthesis
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the main function of genes? | The genes control the traits of an organism and the production of proteins in the organism's cells |
Proteins help to determine what? | Traits |
Are proteins important in all cells? Why or why not? | Yes, because cells need proteins to function- live, reproduce, repair and build tissues. |
A _________ is a section of a DNA molecule that contains information code for the specific protein. | Gene |
How many pairs of nitrogen bases can be on a single gene on a chromosome? | 100-1000000 |
What cells do not have a copy of your DNA? | Mature red blood cells |
DNA stands for what? | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
When does DNA replication occur? | During mitosis |
Are 2 new daughter cells exactly like the mother cell? | Yes |
Continue this phrase: Both resulting daughter cells have: | The same genetic information. |
What happens during replication? | The 2 sides of the molecule unwind and separte like a zipper unzipping. |
What separates the nitrogen base by breaking down the hydrogen bond? | Enzymes |
What is a hydrogen bond? | A bond between 2 matched nitrogen bases. |
What are enzymes? | Special proteins that help to regualte your cells activities and help break down substances. |
What are nucleotides? | Floating nitrogen bases in the nucleus. |
What is a mutation? | A change in the order of the of the bases in an organism's DNA. |
What is Sickle Cell Anemia? | A painful blood disorder where the blood cells are not shaped correctly. |
What are repair enzymes? | Patrollers who find mutations before they begin and "kill" them |
If repair enzymes do not fix the mistake in a cell, it becomes permanent and is known as a what? | Mutation |
What can mutations be caused by besides random errors during DNA replication? | Physical and Chemical changes. |
What are mutagens? | Mutations by physical and chemical changes. |
What are examples of mutagens? | X-ray machines, overexposure to UV sunlight, asbestos, and chemicals in cigarettes. |
More than ______ people get skin cancer every year. | 750,000 |
As the ozone layer decreases, the number of people with skin cancer a year may ______. | Increase |
The DNA molecule ____leave the nucleus. | Cannot |
What copies the DNA code? | mRNA |
What is RNA's nitrogen base and what does in share a bond with? | Uracil with adenine. |
What is a series of 3 nitrogen bases called? | Codon |
What is a gene? | Made up of a glucose, nitrogen base, and phosphate molecule |
What determines the type of protein that needs to be made by ribosomes? | Order of nitrogen bases + gene |
Once _____ has brought a _____ of DNA to the _______, ________will bring _______ _____ to help make the _____. | mRNA copy ribosome tRNA amino acids proteins |