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Zoology
lecture 15 part II, final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| SubPhylum Hexapoda | insects |
| Class insecta | body divided into 3 parts: head-with chewing mouth parts (feed on solid stuff) thorax-3 parts w/pair of walking legs each abdomen- -lrgst, mst diverse animal grp on planet -transition from nonwinged to winged=metamorphosis |
| 1st order is Protura | most primitive -never dvpd mouth or antennea -live in soil (darkness) and about mm in size -no wings |
| 2nd order Collumbda | common name="spring tail" -warm damp area, seen in clusters -feed on algea/bacteria -can't push them b/c springy/jump=farcula -found in below freezing weather (on glaciers) b.c antifreeze they produce in body. -no wings |
| 3rd order thysonura | -silverfish/bristletail -considered household pests -none have wings (makes them primitive) -found in damp places |
| now to insects with wings | only adults have wings |
| incomplete/complete metamorphosis | gradual-hemimetabolas, no wings abrupt-holometabolus pg 264-265 |
| Order Ephemeroptera | hatches in water -lives in sediments -emerge to become winged adults -when temp is right, they crawl on something and molt (ecdysis), crawl out of exoskel and now have wings. expands body as it hardens. once hardened can fly |
| Order Ephemeroptera continued | -wings are triangled, sail shaped) -emerge in spring -no mouth when adults, so can't feed. have sex and die -hatch, mate, die |
| Order Odonata | -as adults are winged aerial predators -big eyes -have antennea but dont need -powerful mouthparts -catch prey on wing and legs serve as basket |
| 2 Types of Order Odonata | 1)dragon-wings out to side. feed on other insects. forage miles from water and get big 2)Damsel-wings fold over beck, colorful and close to water b/c not strong flyer |
| Odonates from: | make babies near water while in flight female tips ab on water and lay eggs eggs hatch into nymphs they feed on other animals, but favorite food is mayfly nymphs common name=water tiger |
| nymphs | hatching eggs |
| Order Orthoptera | (grasshoppers) -lubbers, locusts, crickets, mantis, walking stick -1st paif of wings (papery) and when at rest, fold over body to protct ab -2nd pair beat agnst each other when flying (noisy) |
| O. Orthoptera, grasshoppers | -adults have wings -eat anything, so are pests -big and flightless -big=lubbers -biggest enemy=small rodents -defense-size and powerful legs w/spines |
| O. Orthoptera, Locust | -black out the sun -dvp wings (migratory grasshopper) -ppl led demise of N. Amer locusts -destroyed nesting sites of locusts by plowing crops -extinct |
| O. Orthoptera, Crickets | tend to be nocturnal -prime insect for pets -sand is wings of males calling females |
| mantis | grow into winged mantis -only beneficial -females lrgr that males -fm lay eggs, secretes -frothy mass w/eggs in it, gets plastered -wherever it is when hatch, they are little mantises -preying mantis b/c look for prey -ambush hunters -Cannibals |
| mantis continues w/reproduction | females too big to fly but males do -male mounts female then female eats males head, making him ejaculate, then eats rest of him -ppl like having in gardens to eat pests |
| walking stick | little eyes, big antenna, long, slender ab, thorax and legs -feed on vegetation -camoflauge |
| "Gladiator insects" | combo of mantis and walking sticdk -thick heavy body of walking stick but grasps and rips apart with mouth parts -in parts of africa |
| Roaches | oriental big and black german small and brown -major pests |
| Order Hemiptera | -"true bugs" -not all insects are bugs, but these are -piercing sucking mouth parts (liquid meals) -plant pests sucking sap -predators and parasites -2 pr wings folded over ab (scutellum) -"stink bugs" -plant pests>plant diseases -imcompl metamorp |
| O. Hemiptera,"bed bug" | bugs taste bad b/c have vepugnatorial gland -some bird parasites -bed bug=blood parasite -lost wings -led to sanitized bedding in U.S. |
| scutellum | elevated triangular area that allows wings to cross -very prominent in bugs |
| O. Hemiptera, Aphid | plant pests -"green bug" -sap covering tree (not tree sap, they're aphid secretions) -pecan trees are waste -sap=honey dew (sugary secretions) -aphid and ants -ants protects them (mutralistic relationship) -ants get honey dew, aphids get protection |
| Order Neuroptera | -diff types, all good -feed on bed insects, aphid -small, bright green -"lacewings" -perfect predator for aphids -"golden eye",bright green w/lace wings, -when lay eggs looks like little bit of hair off the wall -when hatch, are tiny crawling lar |
| O. Neuroptera, "owl flies" | doodle bug or "ant lion" b/c eggs laid on dry, powdery soil -feed on aphids and ants -when metamorphasize, have wings -move backwards -biggest, mst impressive insect -can be 4-5 in lng -"dobson fly" w/ big mouthparts |
| Order Coleoptera | -largst order of insects -beetles -1st pair of wings protect ab-elytra -ones that fly have to flap open 1st pair of wings -larvae adopt diff lifestyly, no competition w/ adults |
| elytra | protective, armor like wings -moved aside to fly to bring 2nd pair into play |
| carpet beetles | -attracted to dead carcass after flies done -clean dried matter off skeletons -used to eat dried skins used as carpets -used in biology depts -university/museum hav carpet beetle colony -hav chalky white lines on bottom that cleans up -eat skin of m |
| June bug | adults don't eat -females lay eggs in lawn, larvae hatch=pest -major agricultural pest |
| dung beetles | -eat dung -males have rhinosarus horns, often in elephant dung |
| carison beetle | feed on carcasses (fresh) -big, red and yellow markings -on endangered species list |
| hunter beetles | -well dvpd pincher mouthparts -predator -many sizes and shapes -population explosion w/prey pop explosion, like moths |
| type of june bug | -beautiful b/c shiny, emerald green w/ gold pattern |
Created by:
Jamie D
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