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U5: Prenatal Anatomy
Basic Prenatal Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prenatal period | time between conception & birth; ~38wks; divided into embryonic period (8wks) and fetal period (weeks 9-38) |
| Embryonic period | first 8 weeks in utero; by end of this period, all major organs are present at least in rudimentary form; basic human body has emerged |
| Fetal period | weeks 9-38 in utero; organs grow in size and become more complex; during 1st half, non-specialized cells differentiate into specific types of cells to form body’s distinctive tissues |
| Identical/monozygotic twins | occurs if the inner cell mass of a single blastocyst splits into two clusters of cells during 1st or 2nd week of pregnancy |
| Fraternal twins | result of fertilization of two different egg cells by two different sperm cells |
| Amnion (amniotic sac) | membrane formed during embryonic period; persists through fetal period |
| Amniotic fluid | in amniotic sac; serves to buffer the developing embryo and fetus against physical jolts until time of birth; “water breaking” refers to release of this fluid |
| Month 3 | gender/sex of fetus can be determined |
| Month 5 | quickening occurs, which means mother feels fetus moving |
| Month 7 | testes descend into scrotum in male fetuses |
| Months 8 & 9 | fat accumulates in the hypodermis below skin |
| Premature birth | birth that occurs before 38th week; babies born as early as 30 wks usually survive; medical technology can save many fetuses born this way, though lungs will not be fully functional due to lack of surfactant |
| Birth defects | seen in about 3% of all newborn infants; increases to 6% by 1 year of age when initially undetectable defects become evident; causes can be defective genes/chromosomes, exposure to harmful chemicals/radiation/viruses |
| Fetal alcohol syndrome | most common nonhereditary & preventable cause of mental retardation in US; caused by excessive drinking during pregnancy; evidence that even moderate drinking interferes w/ proper development of fetal brain |
| Amniocentesis | procedure-needle inserted thru abdominal wall & uterine wall into amniotic sac cavity to obtain amniotic fluid sample; chemicals detected can reveal disorders; fetal cells in sample can indicate genetic abnormalities i.e. down syndrome, spina bifida |
Created by:
mbtrimm
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