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functions of the digestive system
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layers of the GI tract
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A&P 2 Lecture Exam 3

Digestive and Urinary

QuestionAnswer
functions of the digestive system ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, defecation
layers of the GI tract mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
mucosa epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
MALT mucus-associated lymphatic tissue to protect against entry of pathogens through GI
submucosa connective tissue; blood and lymphatic vessels
muscularis actual contractions
serosa outermost layer; also called visceral peritoneum
peritoneum layers parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, retropertitoneal
tongue extrinsic muscle moves food, intrinsic muscle changes shape; lingual lipase begins digestion of lipids
salivary glands 99.5% water, 5% solute; IgA for protection; lysozyme and amylase for digestion
teeth enamel, dentin, pulp cavity, apical foramen
stomach mixing chamber and storage area for food
digestion of starch and triglycerides continues, digestion of protein begins in stomach
chyme works with acid and mucus to do mixing in stomach
4 main regions of stomach cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
histology of stomach mucosa, gastric glands, submucosa, muscularis, serosa; 3 muscle layer and thick mucus layer
pancreatic juice pH 7.1 - 8.2 > to neutralize acidic food when leaving stomach
pancreatic juice contains water, salts, sodium bicarbonate and enzymes
pancreatic amylase digests starch
pancreatic lipase digests triglycerides
ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease digests nucleic acid
liver functions secretes bile, digestion of lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, processing drugs and hormones, excretion of bilirubin, synthesis of bile salts, storage, phagocytosis, activation of vitamin D
gallbladder functions temporary storage of bile, absorption of water and ions by mucus
microvilli in small intestines increase surface area for absorption
3 regions of small intestines duodenum, jejunum, ileum
small intestines join large intestine at ileocecal sphincter
chemical digestion of carbohydrates pancreatic amylase
chemical digestion of proteins trypsin, peptidases
chemical digestion of lipids pancreatic lipase
chemical digestion of nucleic acids ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease
large intestines functions absorb water and electrolytes, ferment carbohydrates, absorb vitamins and ions, break down proteins, decompose bilirubin, form feces
macromolecules carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, mineral and vitamins
metabolic reactions all the chemical reactions in the body
anabolic reactions synthesis or build up reactions
catabolic reactions decomposition or break down reactions
glucose catabolism cellular respiration which produces ATP
carbohydrate metabolism catabolized to monosaccharides > glucose, fructose, galactose
lipid metabolism catabolic is lipolysis, anabolic is insulin stimulation
protein metabolism catabolic occurs regularly, anabolic forms peptide bond to synthesize proteins
appendicitis obstruction of the lumen of appendix by chyme
lactose intolerance failure to produce enough lactase in the small intestine
This portion of the peritoneum trades over the transverse column and coils over the small intestine: Greater Omeneum
_ contains skeletal muscles muscularis
What cell secrete the hormone that promotes hydrochloric acid G cells
Which of the following pancreatic enzyme digest lipids Lipase
Remnant of fetal umbilical vein round ligament
This layer of GI tract have blood supply and lymph vessels Lamina propia
What cell secrete hydrocloric acid Parietal cell
What is the primary function of the mouth? Ingestion
What is the pigment responsible for green color bilirubin
Which cell secrete lysozome paneth
Recognize protein digestion protease
Regulation of blood glucose NOT function of large intestines
Where does glycolysis take place? cytosol
This is a neufron process that results in a substance in blood entering in filtrate Secretion
Liver converts Glucose to.. Glycogen
What are the major nutrients in the body Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
Chemical digestion of food inside of the mouth Salivary glands
Blood supply starts with.. Renal artery
where does the breakdown of glucose happen Mitochondria
What enzyme that helps break down starch? Amylase
Function of large intestine is not.. regulation of blood glucose
What is the water percentage reabsorbed by PCT? 65%
What is Tubular fluid? the fluid in the tubules of the kidney. It starts as a renal ultrafiltrate in the glomerulus, changes composition through the nephron, and ends up as urine leaving through the ureters
What is pepsin? enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach
What are fat soluble vitamins? vitamin A, D, E, and k. Foods that contain these vitamins will not lose them when cooked.
What is the function of glomerular capsule It acts as a filter that functions to process the blood and fluids that pass through the nephron to form urine that is further eliminated from the body.
What is a function of smooth muscle layer of the digestive system Mixing and propulsion
order of filtration glomerular capsule, PCT, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, DCT
Where does urine travel from the collecting duct? papillary ducts to minor calyx to major calyx to renal pelvis to ureters to urinary bladder then through urethra out of body
What prevents backflow in ureters? pressure
What are the major functions of kidneys? regulate ionic composition, pH, pressure, volume, glucose; produce hormones; excrete waste and foreign substances
Where does the Krebs cycle take place? mitochondria
What is the order of the blood supply? begins with renal artery and ends with renal vein
Created by: mbrewer86
 

 



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