A&P 2 Lecture Exam 3 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
functions of the digestive system	ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, defecation
layers of the GI tract	mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
mucosa	epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
MALT	mucus-associated lymphatic tissue to protect against entry of pathogens through GI
submucosa	connective tissue; blood and lymphatic vessels
muscularis	actual contractions
serosa	outermost layer; also called visceral peritoneum
peritoneum layers	parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, retropertitoneal
tongue	extrinsic muscle moves food, intrinsic muscle changes shape; lingual lipase begins digestion of lipids
salivary glands	99.5% water, 5% solute; IgA for protection; lysozyme and amylase for digestion
teeth	enamel, dentin, pulp cavity, apical foramen
stomach	mixing chamber and storage area for food
digestion of starch and triglycerides continues, digestion of protein begins in	stomach
chyme	works with acid and mucus to do mixing in stomach
4 main regions of stomach	cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
histology of stomach	mucosa, gastric glands, submucosa, muscularis, serosa; 3 muscle layer and thick mucus layer
pancreatic juice	pH 7.1 - 8.2 > to neutralize acidic food when leaving stomach
pancreatic juice contains	water, salts, sodium bicarbonate and enzymes
pancreatic amylase	digests starch
pancreatic lipase	digests triglycerides
ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease	digests nucleic acid
liver functions	secretes bile, digestion of lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, processing drugs and hormones, excretion of bilirubin, synthesis of bile salts, storage, phagocytosis, activation of vitamin D
gallbladder functions	temporary storage of bile, absorption of water and ions by mucus
microvilli in small intestines	increase surface area for absorption
3 regions of small intestines	duodenum, jejunum, ileum
small intestines join large intestine at	ileocecal sphincter
chemical digestion of carbohydrates	pancreatic amylase
chemical digestion of proteins	trypsin, peptidases
chemical digestion of lipids	pancreatic lipase
chemical digestion of nucleic acids	ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease
large intestines functions	absorb water and electrolytes, ferment carbohydrates, absorb vitamins and ions, break down proteins, decompose bilirubin, form feces
macromolecules	carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, mineral and vitamins
metabolic reactions	all the chemical reactions in the body
anabolic reactions	synthesis or build up reactions
catabolic reactions	decomposition or break down reactions
glucose catabolism	cellular respiration which produces ATP
carbohydrate metabolism	catabolized to monosaccharides > glucose, fructose, galactose
lipid metabolism	catabolic is lipolysis, anabolic is insulin stimulation
protein metabolism	catabolic occurs regularly, anabolic forms peptide bond to synthesize proteins
appendicitis	obstruction of the lumen of appendix by chyme
lactose intolerance	failure to produce enough lactase in the small intestine
This portion of the peritoneum trades over the transverse column and coils over the small intestine:	Greater Omeneum
_ contains skeletal muscles	muscularis
What cell secrete the hormone that promotes hydrochloric acid	G cells
Which of the following pancreatic enzyme digest lipids	Lipase
Remnant of fetal umbilical vein	round ligament
This layer of GI tract have blood supply and lymph vessels	Lamina propia
What cell secrete hydrocloric acid	Parietal cell
What is the primary function of the mouth?	Ingestion
What is the pigment responsible for green color	bilirubin
Which cell secrete lysozome	paneth
Recognize protein digestion	protease
Regulation of blood glucose	NOT function of large intestines
Where does glycolysis take place?	cytosol
This is a neufron process that results in a substance in blood entering in filtrate	Secretion
Liver converts Glucose to..	Glycogen
What are the major nutrients in the body	Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
Chemical digestion of food inside of the mouth	Salivary glands
Blood supply starts with..	Renal artery
where does the breakdown of glucose happen	Mitochondria
What enzyme that helps break down starch?	Amylase
Function of large intestine is not..	regulation of blood glucose
What is the water percentage reabsorbed by PCT?	65%
What is Tubular fluid?	the fluid in the tubules of the kidney. It starts as a renal ultrafiltrate in the glomerulus, changes composition through the nephron, and ends up as urine leaving through the ureters
What is pepsin?	enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach
What are fat soluble vitamins?	vitamin A, D, E, and k. Foods that contain these vitamins will not lose them when cooked.
What is the function of glomerular capsule	It acts as a filter that functions to process the blood and fluids that pass through the nephron to form urine that is further eliminated from the body.
What is a function of smooth muscle layer of the digestive system	Mixing and propulsion
order of filtration	glomerular capsule, PCT, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, DCT
Where does urine travel from the collecting duct?	papillary ducts to minor calyx to major calyx to renal pelvis to ureters to urinary bladder then through urethra out of body
What prevents backflow in ureters?	pressure
What are the major functions of kidneys?	regulate ionic composition, pH, pressure, volume, glucose; produce hormones; excrete waste and foreign substances
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?	mitochondria
What is the order of the blood supply?	begins with renal artery and ends with renal vein

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