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U5: Urinary System
Urinary System Part I
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Organs of urinary system | 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra |
Ureters | convey urine from kidneys to urinary bladder |
Urinary bladder | temporarily stores urine |
Urethra | passes urine from urinary bladder to outside of the body |
Kidneys | filter blood and produce urine; when talking about the functions of the urinary system, we are largely talking about the functions of these organs |
Regulation of blood volume, blood pressure, ion levels, blood pH, excretion of nitrogenous waste, production of erythropoietin, excretion of drugs | functions of kidneys, and thus of urinary system |
Regulation of blood volume | kidneys adjust volume of blood by returning water to blood or eliminating it in urine |
Regulation of blood pressure | because kidneys help regulate blood volume, they in turn regulate blood pressure. Blood volume influences blood pressure; greater blood volume = higher blood pressure; lower blood volume = lower blood pressure; also regulate w/ renin hormone |
Renin | a hormone which initiates sequence of chemical reactions that ultimately increase blood pressure |
Regulation of Ion (electrolyte) levels in blood | kidneys help regulate concentrations of several different electrolytes in plasma of blood including postassium, sodium, hydrogen, bicarbonate; kidneys can conserve or eliminate various amounts depending on body’s need |
Regulation of blood pH | kidneys regulate this by excreting variable amounts of hydrogen ions in urin and conserving variable amounts of bicarbonate ions in the blood |
Excretion of nitrogenous wastes | excretions of urea, uric acid, and creatinine wastes due to them being toxic to living body cells |
Production of erythropoietin | when oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced, kidney cells release this hormone to stimulate production of RBCs by red bone marrow |