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zoo lab
Final ch 12-20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| eucoelomate | animal w/central body cavity that lies b.w layers of mesodermally derived tissue |
| tagmata | segments |
| exoskeleton | -cuticle of proteins and chitin -sclerites and plural membranes -ecdysis |
| chitin | hard substance that forms part of cuticle of arthropods; nitrogenous polysaccharide insoluble in water, alcohol, dilute acids, and digestive juices of most animals |
| sclerites | irregular, resistant, hardened mass of a plasmodial slime mold taht acts as resting state during unfavorable environmental condition |
| ecdysis | periodic act of shedding skin or exoskeleton |
| metamorphosis | 1)ametabolous 2)hemimetabolous 3)holometabolous |
| ametabolous | metamorphosis: egg>young>adult |
| hemimetabolous | metamorphosis: egg>nymph/naroid>adult |
| holometabolous | metamorphosis: egg>larvae>pupa>adult |
| Phylum Arthropoda | jointed legs -biramous vs uniramous -bilateral, triploblastic, eucoelomate -2-3 body tagmata -exoskeleton: -cuticle of proteins and chitin -sclerites adn plural membranes -ecdysis Metamorphosis: ametabolous, hemimetabolous, holometabolous |
| 1)subphylum chelicerata | -prosoma and opisthosoma -lack antennae and mandibles -uniramous and have chelicerae a)class merostomata e.g. Limulus b) class arachnida e.g. spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites |
| 2) subphylum Myriapoda | -head and subsegmented trund -uniramous, 1 pr antennae and mandibles a)class chilopoda: 1 pr legs/subsemnent; veromous, dorsoventrally flat b)class diplopoda: 2 pr legs/subseg, herbivores, cylindrical body |
| prosoma/opisthosoma | k |
| mandibles | one of lower jaw bones in vertebrates; 1 of head appendages in arthropods |
| uniramous | unbranched appendages |
| chelicerae | one of a pair of most anterior head appendages on members of subp chelicerata |
| 3) subp Crustacea | "crustaceans" -class Malacostraca -1-2 pr antennae -mandibles, swimmerets -e.g. crayfish, crabs, rolly pollies, etc. |
| 4) subp hexapoda | -head, thorax, ab class insecta -malpighian tubules -tympanic membrane -spiracles and trachae -F w/ovipositor: SOME MODIFIED TO STINGERS E.G.insects -extreme adaptive radiation |
| crustaceans | ; |
| swimmerets | k |
| tympanic membrane | k |
| spiracles | external openings in ab of insects taht allow air flow into and out tracheae |
| trachae | 1) cartilaginous tube extending from oral cavity to lungs thru which air is trangported during respiration; 2) one of many respiratory tubules of insects that conducts air flow from outside environment directly to tissues within body |
| ovipositor | external reproductive opening found in females of some arthropod species; bordered by pointy, chitinous teeth that penetrate soil and create burrows for egg depostition |
| veromous | k |
| Phylum Echinodermata | -pentaradia/adults, bilateral larvae -deuterostomes -triploblastic;eucoelomate -can't osmoregulate: restricted to marine -dioecious w/no dimorphism -regeneration -endoskeleton -pedicellaria -water vascular system |
| water vascular system | -locomotion, feeding, breathing, breeding -madrporite -stone canal -circular canal -radial canals -lateral canals -ampullae -tube feet |
| pedicellaria | pincer like structures of echinoderms believed to kill small organisms that might settle on body surfaces, thus keeping epidermis free of parasites and algae |
| pentaradia | radial symmetry based on 5 symmetrical divisions |
| bilateral larvae | l |
| deuterostomes | animal whose mouth develops from the second embryonic opening and whose embryonic cells divide by radial cleavage |
| osmoregulation | maintenance of proper internal salt and water concentrations in a cell or in body of living organism, active regulation of internal osmotic pressure |
| dimorphism | existence within a species of 2 distinct forms according to color, sex, size, organ structure, or bx. occurrence of 2 kinds of zooids in colonial organism |
| 1)class echinoidea | -test and often spines -e.g. sea urchins and sand dollars |
| 2)class holothuroidea | -bodies elongated -tentacles around mouth -autoevisceration -e.g. sea cucumbers |
| 3)class crinoidea | sessile e.g. sea lilies |
| 4)class ophiuroidea | -lack ambulacral grooves -arms distinct from central disc -e.g. brittle and basket stars |
| test | support structure in sea urchins composed of numerous calcareous plates located beneath epidermis that form endoskeleton |
| autoevisceration | k |
| sessile | attached at the base |
| ambulacral grooves | indentations along arms of echinoderms taht contain tube feet |
| 5)class asteroidea | arms continuous w/central disc -2 stomachs -eyespots on arms e.g. sea stars |
| phylum chordata | -bilateral/triplo/eucoelomates -adaptive radiation diverse feedign habits:carni/omni/herbivore 5 characteristics: 1)dorsal hollow nerve cord 2)notochord 3)paried pharyngeal gill slits 4)post anal tail 5)endostyle (thyroid gland) |
| 3 subphyla of p. chordata | tunicata, cephalochordata, vertebrata |
| subp tunicata | (urochordata) -marine filter feeders -adults lack notochord and NC |
| subp cephalochordata | -marine filter feeders -notochor and NC in adults e.g. Amphioxus |
| subp vertebrata classes | agnatha, chondricthyes, actinoptenygii, amphibia, reptilia, aves, mammalia |
| class agnatha | -jawless fish e.g. hagfish and lampreys |
| b)class chondricthyes | cartilagenous fish -placoid scales -2 chambered heart -tails often heterocercal e.g. Squalus |
| placoid scales | found in cartilaginous fishes, w/basal plate of dentin embedded in skin and backward-pointing spine tipped w/enamel |
| heterocercal | in some fishes, tail w/upper lobe larger that lower, and end of vertebral column somewhat upturned in upper lobe, as in sharks |
| c) class actinopterygii | -boney fish -dermal scales; operculum -homocercal tails -2 chambered heart e.g. goldfish |
| d) class amphibia | -3 chambered heart -breathe bia lungs and/or gills -cutaneous respiration -most oviparous -poikilotherms e.g. Rana pipens |
| e) class reptilia | -3 or 4 chambered hearts -thich corrified skin -poikilotherms -most oviparons -some ovovivparons -lower jaws = many bones e.g. lizards, snakes, turtles, toatras, crocadillians |
| dermal scales | scales pertaining to skin, cutaneous |
| operculum | paired bony plates tahtt cover gills of bony fish on either side of head and allow for release of water passing over gills |
| homocercal tails | tail with upper and lower lobes symmetrical and vertebral column ending near middle of base, as in most teleost fishes |
| 2-4 chambered hearts | k |
| cutaneous respiration | |
| oviparous | reproduction in which eggs are released by female; devpt of ofspring occurs outside maternal body |
| poikilotherms | pertaining to animals whose body temp is variable and fluctuates w/ envir; cold-blooded; contrasts w/ectothermic |
| corrified skin | k |
| oviviparous | reprod where eggs dvp in maternal body w/o additional nourishment from parent and hatch within parent of immediately after laying |
| f)class aves | -4 chambered hearts -feathers -endothermic -lack teeth in extant forms -oviparous |
| g) class mammalia | -4 chambered heart -most w/fur or hair -endothermic -most viviparous -single bone in lower jaw -adaptive radiation e.g. Homo sapien |
| endo/exothermic | animal that derives majority of body heat from internal/external metabolic sources |
| ____ are fleshy appendages found on Nereis | parapodium |
| _____ is the process of shedding the exoskeleton | ecdysis |
| water vascular system | -used for locomotion, feeding, breathing, breeding |
| what genus does nematode belong to | Ascaris |
| what comprises exoskeleton? | protein |
| what echinoderm system uses sea water to power the tube feet | water vascular system |
| ecdysis | molting into maturity |
| what's formed by Trichinella spiralis when it encysts in muscle tissue | nurse cell |
| binomial nomenclature of guinea worm | Dracunulus medicalis |
| whats binomial nomenclature of human pinworm | enterobius vermicularis |
| function of clitellum | for reprod |
| funct of fat bodies in frogs | store energy |
| funct of green glands | excretory glands |
| funct of madre porite | pressure regulator |
| funct of rectal gland in sharks | regulates salts |
| funct of spiraclesallow | air flow into and out of tracheae |
| nutrition absorption | |
| funct of tympanic membrane | transfer soundwaves to inner ear-eardrum |
| most divers class of arthropods | insecta |
| what muscles do nematodes lack | radial |
| what type of body cavity is found in arthropods | eucelomate |
| what type of body cavity is found in nematodes | pseudocelomate |
| what type of body symmetry is found in arthropods | bilateral |
| what type of tissue construction is found in arthropods | diploblastic |
| which of the suckers is larger on leeches | posterior |
| adult echinoderms have ___ symmetry and adult chordates have ___ symmetry | pentadorsal; bilateral |
| are echinoders and chordates protostomes or deutorostomes | deuterostomes |
| Ascaris lubricoides | -human intestinal worm -vary in size -often prolific -infect 25% of world popul -17,000 eggs/day -intestinal rupture -male are smaller w/hooked end |
| characteristics of Oligochaetes | -permanent clitellum -mostly monoecious -segmented |
| Class Actinopterygii | -boney fish -dermal scales, operculum -homocextal trails -2 chambered heart e.g. goldfish |
| class agnatha | -jawless fish e.g. hogfish and lampreys |
| class amphibia | -3 chambered heart -breathing via lungs or gills -cutaneous respiration -most oviparous -poikilotherms eg Rana pipens |
| class astercidea | -arms continuous w/central disc -2 stomachs -eyespots on arms eg sea stars |
| class aves | -r chambered hearts -feathers -endothermic -lack teeth in extant forms -oviaparous eg birds |
| class chondricthyes | -cartilaginous fish -placoid scales -2 chambered heart -tails often heterocercal e.g. Squalus |
| class crinoidea | sessile eg sea lilies |
| deuterostome | second mouth, mouth dvps from 2nd embryonic opening |
| Dirofilaria immitis | -spread by mosquitos -often mrolific -vary in size -dog heartworm |
| Dracunculus medinensis | -guinea worm -vary in size -often prolific -live just under skin (medical symbol) |
| earthworms secrete ____ in which fertilization occurs, from the clitellum | mucous |
| Enterobius vermicularis | -pinworms -vary in size -often prolific -infects toddlers -most common U.S parasite worm |
| free living nematodes | Caenorhabditis elegans Turbatrix aceti vinegar eel |
| hermaphroditic | m/f organs found in same animal |
| difference in centipedes from millipedes | 100 legs -1 pr of legs/segment -dorsal ventrally flat -venomous |
| how do appendages of arthropods differ from other animals | they have jointed appendages |
| how does body symmetry of adult echinoderms differ from adult chordates | -chordates are bilateral -echinoderms are pentaradial |
| in what tissue does Trichinella spiralis encyst | muscle tissue |
| list 4 subp within phylum arthropoda | crustacea, myriapodia, chelicerata, hexapoda |
| members of which class are dorsoventrally flattened, venomous and possess many legs | chilopoda |
| nematode that lives in soil | Turbatrix aceti |
| Parasitic nematodes | Dirofilaria immitis Enterobious vermicularis Trichinella spiralis Dracunculus medinensis Ascaris lumbricoides |
| molting the cuticle in nematodes is called | ecdysis |
| sea cucumbers are able to ___, meaning that they shoot out their organs for defense | autoe |
| sharks have a ____ ____ for regulating ion balance within their bodies | opisthorephric kidney |
| exoskeleton of arthropods is made of _____ and proteins | chitin |
| function of clitellum in earthworms | secretes cocoon |
| the _____ of arthropods is made of chitin and proteins | exoskeleton |
| what class do earthworms belong | oligaechaete |
| what class do leeches belong | hirudinea |
| what class do sandworms belong | polychaeta |
| what class do skates belong | chondricthyes |
| what class do snakes belong | reptilia |
| what class do tigers belong | mammilia |
| what class do toads belong | amphibia |
| what class does Lumbricus terrestris belong | polychaete |
| what class does Tubifex belong | oligacheta |
| Trichinella spiralis | -vary in size -often prolific -form cycst in muscle tissue |
| 2 characteristics by which annelids are classified | -segmented -clitellum -setae -parapodium |
| 2 characteristics of all members of chordata- | -endostile -notochord -post anal tail |
| 2 characteristics of centipedes | -1 pair of legs/segment -dorsoventrally flat |
Created by:
Jamie D
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