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Chordata
Phyla Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| notochord | flexible rod like structure that provides an axis for muscle attachment |
| dorsal hollow nerve cord | becomes the spinal cord in vertebrata |
| oviparous | animals that lay eggs with little or no embryonic development within mother |
| ovoviparous | animals in which embryos develop inside eggs that are retained within the mother until they are ready to hatch |
| viviparous | animals that develop inside mother and lead to live birth |
| pharyngeal "gill" slits | slit like openings connecting the pharyngeal cavity (pharynx) and the outside environment |
| pharyngeal endostyle | ciliated grooves in floor of pharynx; trap food |
| protochordates | Urochordata, Cephalochordata |
| Craniata | at least a braincase |
| Agnatha vs Gnathostomata | jawless craniates vs jawed craniates |
| claspers | modified pelvic fins for sperm transfer; Chondrichthyes |
| ampullae of Lorenzini | for detection of weak electrical fields |
| myomere | muscle bands for powerful, controlled swimming |
| countercurrent exchange | opposite flows of water for efficient gas exchange between water and blood |
| ram ventilation | fast, continuous swimmers; efficient gas exchange between water and blood |
| hypersomatic regulators | (freshwater fish)water gain and salt loss can occur across gills: kidneys pump out excess water and salt-absorbing cells in gills counteract salt loss |
| hypo-osmotic regulators | water loss and salt gain: "drink" seawater and salt-secretory cells in gills (Marine fish) |
| sequential hermaphrodites | they may change sex during their life |
| protandry | male first (sequential hermaphrodites) |
| protogyny | female first (sequential hermaphrodites) |
| monotremes | lay external eggs |
| marsupials | short internal development phase, undeveloped young live in pouch |
| placental mammmals | long internal developmental phase, placenta |
| aestivate | burrow when pool dries and slow metabolism |
| homology | similarity caused by shared ancestry |
| homologous structures | ones with a common evolutionary origin, but whose functions may have changed over time |
| analogous structures | similar function but evolved independently (not because of shared ancestry) |
| vestigial structures | "remnants" of once functional ancestral structrues |
| diapsids | reptiles and birds |
| synapsids | mammals |
| Amniotes | Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia |
| amniotic egg | allows reproduction away from water (reptiles, birds and mammals); eggs contain fluid filled sac (amnion) enclosing embryo |
| pit vipers | heat-sensitive pit organs detect prey |
| temperature-dependent sex determination | the incubation temperature of the nest determines the sex of the offspring |
| theropod dinosaurs | birds descended from a clade of reptiles |
| keeled sternum | flying birds; "breastbone" |
| flat sternum | flightless birds; |
| endothermic | body temp is regulated metabolically |
| uni-directional "flow-through" respiratory system | air only goes through the lungs once |
| syrinx | vocal organ at base of trachea (birds have no vocal chords) |
| convergent evolution | when different species evolve to look similar not because of common ancestry but because they evolved similar adaptations in response to living similar lifestyles |
Created by:
jmw09d
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