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Arthropoda

Phyla Vocab

QuestionAnswer
tagmosis fusion of metameres into regions
exoskeleton hard, chitinous cuticle
tracheal system a system of air tubes (trachea) extending from surface spiracles (openings) carries air to and from tissues
malpighian tubules at the end of the hindgut; insects resorb water along with K+ and Na+ ions *allows insects to conserve H20 and withstand terrestrial environments
Orthoptera direct flight muscles; pull the wings down
Odonata indirect flight muscles; pull body wall down and wings get uplifted "by default"
Uniformly Tagmatized Abdomen: 9-11 segments, no appendages, 8 pair of spiracles Thorax: 3 segments (pro,meso,meta) 3 pairs thoracic appendages, 2 pair wings, 2 pair spiracles Head: 6 segments, compound eyes, 1 pair antenna, 3 pairs mouth appendages,
ametabolous no metamorphosis = no wings
hemimetabolous incomplete metamorphosis; wings develop on outside as little buds
holometabolous complete metamorphosis; wings develop on the inside
Exopterygota wing buds outside; hemimetabolous
Endopterygota wings bud inside; holometabolous
"instars" a nymph grows and undergoes several molts
elytra top pair of wings modified into an armor like covering
halteres 2nd pair of wings are reduced, used in balance "stabilizers"
eusociality (Hymenoptera & Isopetera) live in societies characterized by: cooperative care of young; overlapping generations; polymorphism (caste system)
altruistic give up reproduction; care for someone elses offspring
kin theory individuals in colony are related (share genes) so overall fitness (#of individuals genes passed on) remains high even if they dont reproduce
Parasitoid larvae parasites that eventually kill their hosts - the adults are free-living
aposematic coloration warning colors; bright colors
Mullerian mimicry both species model and mimic are unpalatable
Batesian mimicry palatable species mimics an unpalatable model species
Created by: jmw09d
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