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last test 13-15
nerves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fovea | Part of eye located in retina, responsible for sharp central vision, has only cones, no rods |
| Optic disc | "blindspot" optic nerve exits here, weak spot of eye, not reinforced by sclera lacks photorecptors ( rods & cones) |
| Cornea | forms window to let light in, supply nerve endings pain receptors, exposed part of eye, easy to damage, can heal well & transplant "no blood vessels" immune system cant reach here |
| Sclera | outermost Fibrous layer "white of eye" protects & shapes eyeball, site for extrinsic muscle attatchment |
| Give Iris eye color | Amount of pigment in eye |
| Obicularis Oculi | eyebrow,contraction of this muscle depresses eyebrow, protects eyes from sun, close eye when contracts |
| Corrugator Muscles | contraction of this muscle moves the eye medially above the obicularis oculi |
| Inferior Rectus | muscles in the eye orbit,It depresses, adducts, and helps extort (rotate laterally) the eye. The inferior rectus muscle is the only muscle that is capable of depressing the pupil when it is in a fully abducted position |
| Palpebral Muscles ( fissures) | separation between the upper and lower eyelids, medial & lateral angles of eye |
| Levator palpebrae superiororis muscle | muscle in the orbit that elevates the superior (upper) eyelid, raises eyelid to open eye |
| Lacrimal Fluid | Mucous, antibodies, Lysozymes |
| Inferior Oblique | is a thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit.actions are lateral rotation, elevation and abduction of the eye |
| Superior Oblique | muscle originating in the upper, medial side of the orbit (i.e. from beside the nose) which abducts, depresses and internally rotates the eye. It is the only extraocular muscle innervated by the trochlear nerve.cheating muscles look down & sideways |
| Ventral Root of Spinal nerves | contains Motor ( Efferent)fibers & innervate skeletal muscles |
| Dorsal root of spinal nerves | Sensory ( Afferent) fibers & conduct impulses from the spinal cord |
| Sensory Nerves | Afferent Nerves carry impulses TOWARD the CNS ( dorsal root) |
| Motor Nerve | Efferent nerve fiber carry impulses AWAY from the spinal cord |
| Stimuli | something external that influences an activity.concept in perception |
| Perception | Interpretation of the meaning of stimulus that occurs in the brain |
| sensation | awareness of the stimulus;A perception associated with stimulation of a sense organ or with a specific body condition |
| Longest & thickest nerve in the body | Sciatic Nerve; supplies entire lower limbs except antermedial thigh |
| Median Nerve (injury/damage) | makes difficult to pinch things & pick up small pbjects |
| Brachial Plexus Nerve (damage/injury) | severe injury(plexus stretched) can cause weakness/paralysis of entire upper limb. |
| Dermatomes | area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve; innervated w/certain part of spinal cord,C2-C8, T1,2;L1-5, S1-5 |
| Parasympathetic Divisions | The parasympathetic system specifically is responsible for stimulation of "rest-and-digest" activities that occur when the body is at rest.functions with actions that do not require immediate reaction |
| Sympathetic Division | responsible for stimulating activities associated with fight-or-flight response.functions in actions requiring quick responses that threaten homeostasis |
| Parasympathetic & sympathetic differences | typically function in opposition to each other. This natural opposition is better understood as complementary in nature rather than antagonistic. |
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