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TL antihypertensives
Drugs for hypertension
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name several drug classes used as antihypertensives (7). | Alpha blockers, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, central acting inhibitors, vasodilators, angiotensin II receptor agonists, ace inhibitors |
| Name 4 Alpha Andrenergic Blockers. | Prazosin (Minipress), terazosin (Hytrin), Phentolamine mesylate (Regitine), doxazosin (cardura) |
| How do alpha andrenergic blockers work to lower BP? | block alpha andrenergic receptors in peripheral blood vessels leading to vasodilation |
| What are the indications for Alpha andrenergic blockers? | extreme hypertension, pheochromocytoma, BPH |
| What are the adverse reactions associated with alpha-andrenergic blockers? | Orthostatic hypotension, Palpitations, Weakness |
| What are labetalol (Normodyne) and Carvedilol (Coreg) used for? | to decrease BP without reflex tachycardia or bradycardia |
| What kind of drugs are labetalol (Normodyne) and Carvedilol (Coreg)? | combined alpha/beta blockers |
| What adverse affects might a patient taking labetalol (Normodyne) or Carvedilol (Coreg) experience (vdbbohh)? | HF, Ventricular dysrhythmias, Blood dyscrasias, Bronchospasm, Orthostatic Hypotension |
| Labetalol (Normodyne) and Carvedilol (Coreg) are contraindicated for patients with what conditions? | HF, Heart Block, COPD |
| Name 6 Beta Blockers (AT, BZ, MLT, NC,PI, TB). | Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol), Nadolol (Corgard), Propanolol (Inderal), Timolol (Blocadren), Atenolol (Tenormin), Bisoprolol (Zebeta), |
| Give 4 therapuetic actions of Beta blockers? | They block sympathetic nervous system stimulation especially to the heart; slow heart rate; lower BP; reduce O2 consumption during myocardial contraction |
| What adverse reactions may a patient taking a beta blocker for hypertension experience(fbbiddhsd)? | Bradycardia, fatigue, insomnia, bizarre dreams, sexual dysfunction, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL , Depression |
| What are some things to teach patients about taking Beta Blocker medication? | Don’t stop abruptly; Caution for bronchospasm/asthma; Masks signs of hypoglycemia; Check radial or apical pulse daily |
| Name 3 central acting Inhibitors. | Clonidine (Catapress), Guanabenz acetate (Wytensin), Methyldopa (Aldomet) |
| How do central acting inhibitors work? | They act on central (in the brain) alpha receptors reducing sympathetic nervous system activation |
| What adverse effects might our patient on central acting inhibitors for hypertension experience (DFDSD)? | Drowsiness, Fatigue, Dry mouth, Sexual dysfunction |
| What could result if our patient abruptly stops taking central acting inhibitors like Catapress, Wytensin, or Aldomet? | Rebound hypertension |
| What instructions should we give our patient on central acting inhibitors for hypertension? | change position slowly; avoid standing still and taking hot baths and showers |
| Name 2 vasodilators that might be used to treat hypertension. | Hydralazine (Apresoline), Minoxidil (Loniten) |
| How do vasodilators work to lower BP? | decrease peripheral vascular resistance |
| What adverse effects might our patient taking vasodilators for hypertension experience (HHFT)? | Headache, postural hypotension, fluid retention (HF, peripheral edema), tachycardia |
| What should we monitor, assess, observe for when our patient is taking vasodilators for hypertension? | observe for peripheral edema, monitor I&O, weigh daily, monitor pulse and BP routinely |
| Name 3 angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists. | Losartan (Cozaar), Valsartan (Diovan), Irbesartan (Avapro) |
| How do ARBs work to lower BP? | Blocks the vasoconstricting and aldosterone releasing effects of angiotensin II on vascular smooth muscle and adrenal glands |
| What are the potential adverse effects of ARBs(FRHHH)? | Hypotension, Fatigue, Hepatitis, Renal Failure, Hyperkalemia (rare) |
| Name 6 ace inhibitors that might be prescribed to treat hypertension. | Captopril (Capoten); Enalapril (Vasotec); Lisinopril (Zestril); Ramipril (Altace); Benazapril (Lotensin); Quinapril (Accupril) |
| How do ACE inhibitors decrease BP? | suppressing the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II |
| ACE inhibitors are especially helpful for patients with what disorder? | Diabetes |
| What side effects might a patient on ACE inhibitors experience? | Proteinuria, Neutropenia, Skin Rash, Cough |
| What will we need to observe for and what tests should be routinely performed on the patient taking ACE inhibitors? | Acute Renal Failure (reversible); Renal Function tests |
| What instructions should the patient receiving their first dose of an ACE inhibitor be given? | Stay in bed 3 hours |
| Name 4 Calcium Channel Blockers that may be prescribed for hypertension. | Diltiazem (Cardizem), Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat), Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin), Nisoldipine (Sular) |
| How do Calcium Channel Blockers work for the patient with hypertension? | Inhibits calcium influx during cardiac depolarization; Decreases SA/AV node conduction |
| What side effects might a patient experience with Calcium Channel Blockers(HHDENCTHD)? | Headache, Hypotension, Dizziness, Edema, Nausea, Constipation, Tachycardia, HF, Dry cough |
| What instructions should the patient taking calcium channel blockers receive regarding meals and food interactions? | take before meals, avoid grapefruit juice and high fat meals (increase serum levels of drug causing hypotension), limit caffeine consumption |
| What assessments should be made routinely if the patient is taking CCBs for hypertension? | BP and pulse |
Created by:
Perseverandovercome
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