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CCGA Lecture 16
Pathogenic DNA Viruses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA viruses are grouped | into 7 families |
| dsDNA viruses | Poxviridae,Herpesviridae |
| Viruses that contain dsDNA & ssDNA | Hepadnaviridae |
| Poxviridae is a | dsDNA virus with complex capsids and envelopes(2nd largest virus)infect many mammals |
| Most animal poxviruses | are species specific(unable to attach to human cells) |
| Cowpox can | infect cows and people(similar cellular surface proteins) |
| Poxviridae | is usually inhaled |
| Close contact is | necessary for infection by poxvirus |
| The main poxvirus disease in humans are | Smallpox & Molluscum contagiosum |
| Chickenpox | is NOT caused by a poxvirus |
| Poxviridae envelopes | are unstable outside of hosts |
| Smallpox is commonly known as | Variola |
| Two forms of Variola | Major and minor(major is much more severe) |
| Smallpox symptoms | like flu(fever,malaise,headache,prostration,etc) |
| Stages of Smallpox lesions | macule,papule,vesicle,pox,crust,scars |
| During the middle ages 80% of Europeans contracted | Smallpox |
| Europeans introduced smallpox to the Americas in | the late 1400's |
| Smallpox wiped out | whole native tribes of the Americas |
| 1/2 the population of | Puerto Rico died in 1519 of Smallpox |
| In 1519 | 1/2(15 million) of the Aztec population died of smallpox |
| In the 3 years before the Mayflower landed | 90% of the population of Massachusetts died of smallpox and other European diseases |
| 8 epidemics of smallpox occurred | in the city of Boston during the 18th century(1/2 of the population was infected) |
| Smallpox is | the first human disease to be eradicated |
| the last naturally occurring case of Variola major was in | 1975 in Bangladesh |
| Janet Parker and another were infected | in UK in 1978. Janet died and the responsible scientist committed suicide |
| Because of the Parker accident | all but two stocks of smallpox were destroyed or transferred to CDC and the Russian equivalent |
| In 1980 | smallpox was declared to be eradicated |
| Factors that enabled the eradication of smallpox | inexpensive stable, and effective vaccine/no animal reservoirs/obvious symptoms/lack of asymptomatic cases/virus spread by close contact |
| Molluscum contagiosum is characterized by | smooth waxy papules |
| Poxvirus infections also | occur in animals |
| animal to human poxvirus infections | are usually mild |
| Edward Jenner | used cowpox to immunize individuals against smallpox |
| Herpesviridae have | enveloped polyhedral capsids and linear dsDNA |
| Herpesviridae viruses | attach to a host cell's receptor(viral envelope fuses with the cell membrane to facilitate entry into cell) |
| Herpesviridae's are the MOST | prevalent DNA viruses |
| Herpesviridae viruses include | Herpes Simplex,varicella-zoster,and Epstein-Barr viruses |
| Herpes Simplex,varicella-zoster,and Epstein-Barr viruses infect | 90% of the adult population in the US |
| Herpesviridae viruses CAN | remain inactive inside infected cells for years(LATENT) |
| Herpesviridae viruses are reactivated by | aging,chemotherapy,immunosuppresion,physical stress,emotional stress,etc. |
| Herpesviridae viruses are assigned species names | combing HHV and a number indicating order in which they were discovered |
| Human Herpesviruses 1&2 | formally known as herpes simplex or HSV |
| Two species of herpesviruses | HHV-1 & HHV-2 |
| Human Herpesviruses result in | slow spreading skin lesions |
| Human Herpesviruses are | recurrent viruses |
| 2/3's of patients with HHV will | have recurrence |
| Human Herpesviruses 1 & 2 types | Oral herpes(cold sores HHV-1 90%),Genital herpes(lesions on genitalia 85% HHV-2),Ocular, Whitlow(Finger),Neonatal(30% fatal) |
| Human Herpesviruses source of infection | active lesions |
| HHV-1 infection occur via | casual contact in children |
| HHV-2 infection occur via | 15-29yr old sexual activity |
| Human Herpesviruses spread from cell to cell via | syncytia formation(fusion of neighboring cells) |
| Human Herpesviruses treatment | chemothraputic agents(Acyclovir)DON"T CURE |
| Human Herpesviruses 3 | Varicella-Zoster Virus |
| Varicella-Zoster Viruses | Varicella(chickenpox),Herpes zoster(shingles) |
| Varicella(chickenpox)enters | through respiratory tract or eyes |
| Herpes zoster(shingles) | is a latent virus(usually occurs in adults) |
| Varicella-Zoster Virus vaccine | has been available since 1995(Doses due every 5 years) |
| Human Herpesviruses 4 | Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) |
| Epstein-Barr Viruses(EBV)can cause | a number of different diseases |
| Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV)is transmitted via | saliva |
| Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV)infects | epithelium of pharynx & parotid salivary glands |
| Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV)becomes | latent and suppresses apoptosis of B Cells |
| 90% of people | have been exposed to Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) |
| Hepadnaviridae Genome is | both single and double stranded DNA |
| Hepadnaviridae causes | Hepatitis B (HBV) ALL OTHER HEPATITIS caused by RNA viruses |
| Hepatitis B (HBV)causes | inflammation of the liver |
| Hepatitis B (HBV)is transmitted | when infected body fluids contact breaks in skin or mucus membranes |
| Hepatitis B (HBV)is also spread | through infected needles,sexual intercourse,and passage to babies at birth. |
| Hepatitis B (HBV)symptoms | jaundice,liver enlargement,abdominal distress, and bleeding into the skin or organs |
| A coinfection between Hepatitis B & D | increase the risk of permanent liver damage |
| Hepatitis B (HBV)has | no universally effective treatment(best treatment is prevention) |
| Hepatitis B (HBV)has shown | a decline since vaccines began in the early 1980's |
| Hepatitis B (HBV)vaccine is | predicted to last at least 25 yrs |
Created by:
tla1957
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