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Genetics and DNA

Kubon Biology-Genetics and DNA Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Mitosis Type of cell division that produces diploid cells, the resulting cells are identical
Meiosis Type of cell division that produces haploid cells, the resulting cells are all different
Homologous Chromosomes that have similar structure and code for similar traits
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for the same trait
Homozygous Having identical alleles for the same trait
mRNA RNA that is used to write the DNA code
tRNA RNA that is used to translate the code into proteins
Ribosome Structure that organizes the process of protein synthesis
Nucleotide Building block that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base
Replication Process that is used to copy DNA
Transcription Process that is used to write the DNA code into mRNA
Translation Process that is used to create order the amino acids in a protein
Genotype The genetic makeup that is encoded in one’s DNA
Phenotype The physical characteristic that can be observed in an organism
Gene Sections of DNA that contain the code for making a specific protein.
Protein A macromolecule that provides the body with its structure
Amino Acid The building block of a protein
Haploid A cell which has only one set of chromosomes (1N)
Diploid A cell which has two sets of each chromosomes (2N)
Somatic cell A body cell
Gamete A reproductive cell
Allele Different forms of the same gene
Codominance When two different genes are expressed at the same time
Sex linked trait A trait caused by a gene found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome
Incomplete dominance When the heterozygous form shows a trait that “in between” the homozygous dominant and the recessive trait
Dominant trait A trait that can cover up another trait, so the heterozygous looks the same as the homozygous
Recessive trait A trait that is covered up by another trait, it only shows when the dominant trait is not present
Created by: lisakubon
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