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Lecture 15-2
Spirochetes,Vibros
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Spirochetes are | Thin, tightly coiled helically shaped, gram negative bacteria |
| Spirochetes move | in a corkscrew fashion |
| It is thought that Spirochetes | use corkscrew action to burrow into the hosts tissues |
| Three Spirochetes genera that cause disease | Treponema,Borreli,and Leptospira |
| Treponema | CAN'T survive in the environment and CAN'T be grown in or on lab media |
| Treponema is a | pathogen to humans only |
| Treponema virulence factors are | difficult to ID because it can't be lab cultured |
| T. pallidum pallidum | is the most widespread and causes SYPHILIS |
| Syphilis occurs | worldwide |
| Transmission of syphilis is | almost solely via sexual contact |
| Syphilis is | endemic among sex workers, men who have sex, and users of illegal drugs |
| Syphilis can be | spread from an infected mother to her fetus(can result in fetal death,mental retardation,and malformation |
| Primary Syphilis is acquired | via direct sexual contact with the infectious lesions of another person |
| Primary Syphilis presents | in 3-90 days after initial exposure(average 21 days) |
| Primary Syphilis causes a | skin lesion called a CHANCRE at the point of contact |
| The most common location of a chancre | in women on the cervix(44%), in men on the penis(99%) |
| Chancre's can be | anal or rectal if people have anal sex |
| Chancre's may persist | for 3 to 6 weeks without treatment |
| Secondary Syphilis | occurs 4-10 weeks after the primary infection |
| Secondary Syphilis symptoms | most commonly involve the skin,mucus membranes, and lymph nodes |
| Secondary Syphilis lesions | may be a non-itchy rash on the trunk and extremities including palms and soles |
| Secondary Syphilis lesions appear | flat,broad,whitish,and wart-like |
| Secondary Syphilis lesions contain | bacteria and are infectious |
| Secondary Syphilis symptoms | usually resolve after 3-6 weeks |
| 25% of infected people | will have a recurrence of Secondary Syphilis symptoms |
| Many people with Secondary Syphilis | did not have or notice the classic chancre of primary syphilis(40-85% of women,20-65% of men) |
| Latent Syphilis is | defined as having serologic proof of infection without symptoms of the disease |
| Tertiary Syphilis may occur | 3-15 years after the initial infection(without treatment 1/3 of infected people will develop Tertiary Syphilis) |
| Gummatous Syphilis | occurs 1-46 years after the initial infection(average 15 years) |
| Gummatous Syphilis is characterized by | chronic gummas(soft tumor like balls of inflammation) |
| Chronic Gummas typically affect | the skin,bone,and liver |
| Neurosyphilis | affects the CNS |
| Borrelia | Lightly staining,gram negative spirochetes |
| Borrelia burgdorferi causes | Lyme Disease |
| Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted | via a tick bite(hard ticks of the genus Ixodes are the vectors) |
| Life cycle of Ixodes ticks | uninfected eggs,larvae infected when they feed on birds or small animals,borrelia multiples summer to winter,larvae to nymph, infected nymphs bite humans or animals, adult infected females lay uninfected eggs |
| Lyme Disease has a broad range of s/s | Bulls eye rash 75%,Neurological and Cardiac symptoms 10%,Severe arthritis that can last for yrs. |
| Lyme disease is | on the rise as humans come in closer contact with borrelia-infected ticks |
| Lyme disease treatment | first stage antimicrobials (penicillin,doxycycline)BEST to avoid ticks |
| Vibrios are | found in water environments worldwide |
| Vibrio Cholerae is | the most common species to infect humans |
| Vibrio Cholerae causes | Cholera(acute intestinal infection causing profuse watery diarrhea,vomiting,circulatory collapse,and shock |
| Humans are infected by Vibrio Cholerae | by ingesting contaminated food and water |
| Vibrio Cholerae has | NO known animal hosts |
| Vibrio Cholerae can also be transmitted on | undercooked shellfish |
| There is an ongoing global pandemic in Asia Africa and Latin America spanning 4 decades due to | Vibrio Cholerae |
| Untreated Cholera causes death | in 25-50% of cases |
| Cholera epidemics are | a marker for poverty and lack of basic sanitation |
| Simple Rehydration | saves lives of people infected with Cholera |
| Natural reservoirs in warm coastal waters | make Vibrio Cholerae hard to eradicate |
| There has been a modest increase in Vibrio Cholerae | in the US since 1991(only 0-5 cases due to ingestion of contaminated food) |
| The MOST important virulence factor of Vibrio Cholerae is | cholera toxin |
| The best rehydration fluid for Cholera is | Ringers lactate solution |
| Campylobacter jejuni is | the most likely cause of gastroenteritis in the US |
| Many animals (mainly chickens) | serve as reservoirs for Campylobacter jejuni |
| Campylobacter jejuni has various | virulence factors(adhesions,cytotoxins,and endotoxins |
| Campylobacter jejuni infections produce | self limiting bloody diarrhea |
| Campylobacter jejuni infections last | 7-10 days |
| Proper handling of food | can reduce the spread of Campylobacter jejuni |
| Helicobacter pylori | Slightly helical,motile bacterium that colonizes the stomach |
| Helicobacter pylori causes | gastritis and most peptic ulcers |
| Helicobacter pylori virulence factors | adhesions,flagella,phagocytic inhibiters etc. |
| Presence of H. pylori can be demonstrated | by positive urease test |
Created by:
tla1957
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