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Unit 6 diseases term
Principles of diseases and epidemology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathogenicity | that characteristic or ability that an organism has that allows it to establish and maintain infection. |
| Invasiveness X Toxigenicity | Pathogenicity |
| Toxigenicty | That ability to produce a toxin. |
| Parasite | the relationship between two organisms where one organism is benefited (parasite) and one is harmed (host). |
| Symbiosis, muturalism | relationship between organisms where both organisms benefit. |
| Commensalism | One organism is benefited and the other one is unaffected. |
| Communicable | is the diseases transmitted directly from one host to another host, one patient to another patient. |
| Non-communicable | does it grow outside the body and is not transmitted from one host to another host, but something else carries it. |
| Infectious disease characteristics | Communicable, the source, mode of transmission, host susaptiability, exit mechanism |
| Types of carriers | acute, incubatory, convalesent, healthy carrier |
| Acute carrier | a very sick person, others are very likely to get it. Example-> flu |
| Incubatory carrier | the person who is getting sick but doesn't know it, but who is still passing the disease on. |
| Convalesent carrier | they are gettting over a disease with out treatment, but is still shedding. |
| Healthy carrier | They are healthy, but still carry around infection. Example->MRSA-staph carried around in the nair of the nose. |
| Resevior | a source other than man that carry disease, like an animal. |
| Mode of transmission | How is it spread? Airborne, direct, indirect, vector, food/beverage transission |
| Airborne transmission | most common way. Example-> sneeze |
| Direct transmission | Not environmental surface. Example->STD |
| Indirect transmission | inanimated object that helps carry disease on. Example->someone puts a pencile, coin, another person's toothbrush in their mouth. |
| What is the difference in direct and indirect transmissions? | FOMITE |
| Vector transmission | arthropods-mosquitoes carry heartworms |
| Food/Beverage (vehicle) transmission | E.coli, staph |
| Host susceptability | How susceptable are the subjects/host? Have they been immunized? |
| Exit Mechanism | Active/passive exit mechanism, How does it get out of carrier to more to another carrier |
| Active mechanism | organism choice on how to get out. ex->couching, the cough is the symptom, but the organism causes the symptom so it can get out |
| Passive mechanism | host pees/poops it out, this is a natural body function |
| Epideminology | the science that evaluates the cause, occurance, distribution, and control of health and disease in a defined population. |
| Epidemic | is when you see more of a disease than expected or a sudden increase in the occurance of the disease. |
| Endemic | is when you have a fair consistanct occurance of a disease. |
| sporadic disease | typically one that you see in irregular intervals, food diseases. |
| Zoonosis | a disease of animals that people can get. example-> rabies |
| Morbibity | # of NEW cases in a specified time period divided by the # of individuals in that population. Ex-> higher the rate, the worse the problem. |
| Mortality | # of deaths due to a given disease divided by the # of cases |
| Propogattided epidemic | a person picks up virus, then starts having symptoms, then passes it to family/friens, who then passes it on. |
| Index case | the first person who gets it. |
| Exoenzymes | secretes enzymes outside the cell wall. |
| Endoenzymes | secretes enzymes inside the cell wall. |
| Exotoxins | secretes ouside the cell wall. Generally gram + organisms |
| Endotoxins | secretes w/in the cell wall. Generally gram - organisms |
| Neurotoxins | against, effects the nervous system. |
| Enteriumtoxin | manifest themselves in the gastrointestional system. |
| Herd immunity | describes a form of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a significant portion of a population (or herd) provides a measure of protection for individuals who have not developed immunity. |
| Threshold population | They try to have 90% of population immuzied against a certain disease to maintain control. |
Created by:
tammye_miller
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