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Bio 224 S.G. 4
Blood Vessel Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tunica intima (Interna) | Lines the lumen of a vein or artery; is a single layer of endothelium; is continuous with the endocardium of the heart; cells fit close together, forming an extremely smooth blood vessel lining. |
| Tunica media | Bulky middle coat and composed primarily of smooth muscle and elastin. The smooth muscle, under the control of the sympathetic nervous system, alters the peripheral resistance and blood pressure. |
| Tunica externa (adventitia) | Outermost tunic, composed of aerola or fibrous connective tissue. Functions basically supportive and protective. |
| Endothelium | Single thin layer that is part of the tunica intima and is composed of squamous cells underlain by a scant basal lamina. |
| Artery | Walls of arteries are thicker than those of veins. They're closer to the heart, must be able to expand as increased volume of blood is propelled into them, and recoil passively as blood flows oof into circulation. Located in deep, protected body areas. |
| Vein | Are far removed from the heart in the circulatory pathway, are not subjected to such pressure fluctuations, and are essentially low-pressure vessels. Veins may be thinner-walled without jeopardy. Veins follow a more superficial course, easily seen. |
| Capillaries | Only one cell thick, consisting of just endothelium underlain by a basal lamina (tunica intima). Because of exceptional thinnness, exchanges are easily made between the blood and tissue cells. |
| Aorta | Largest artery of the body, extends upward as the ascending aorta from left ventricle, arches posteriorly to the left, and then courses downward as descending aorta. |
| Brachiocephalic Trunk (or Artery) (or Innominate Artery in text) | ("arm-head") The first major branch or the aortic arch. |
| Left Common Carotid Artery | Branches off the aortic arch, serves head and neck |
| Left subclavian artery | Branches off the aortic arch, serves head and neck. |
| Right common carotid artery | One division of the brachiocephalic artery, serves the head and neck. |
| Right subclavian artery | One division of the brachiocephalic artery, serves the head and neck. |
| External Carotid Artery | Supplies the extracranial tissues of the neck and head. (Artery of the Head and Neck) |
| Superficial Temporal Artery | Branches from the external carotid artery, helps to serve the extracranial tissues of the neck and head. (Artery of the Head and Neck) |
| Maxillary Artery | Branches from the external carotid artery, helps to serve the extracranial tissues of the neck and head. (Artery of the Head and Neck) |
| Facial Artery | Branches from the external carotid artery, helps to serve the extracranial tissues of the neck and head. (Artery of the Head and Neck) |
| Right/Left Vertebral Arteries | Branches from the subclavian arteries, runs up the posterior neck to supply the cerebellum, part of the brain stem, and the psoterior cerebral hemispheres. (Artery of the Head and Neck) |
| Axillary Artery | (Artery of the Thorax and Upper Limbs) Runs through the axilla, gives off several branches to the chest wall and shoulder girdle. |
| Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery | (Artery of the Thorax and Upper Limbs) Branches from axillary artery, serves the shoulder and deltoid muscle. |
| Subscapular Artery | (Artery of the Thorax and Upper Limbs) Branches from the axillary artery, serves the scapula and dorsal thorax. |
| Brachial Artery | (Artery of the Thorax and Upper Limbs), axillary artery becomes the branchial as it enters the arm, deep branches as it nears the elbow into several small branches. |
| Radial Artery | (Artery of the Thorax and Upper Limbs) Branches from branchial artery, serves the forearm and hand. |
| Ulnar Artery | (Artery of the Thorax and Upper Limbs) Branches from brachial artery, serves the forearm and hand. |
| Celiac Trunk | (Artery Serving Abdominal Organs) An unpaired artery that subdivides almost immediately into 3 branches that supply the stomach, spleen, and duodenum, and pancreas. |
| Splenic Artery | (Artery Serving Abdominal Organs) branches from the celiac trunk, supplying the spleen. |
| Common Hepatic Artery | (Artery Serving Abdominal Organs) branches from the celiac trunk, runs superiorly and gives off branches to the stomach. |
| Superior Mesenteric Artery | (Artery Serving Abdominal Organs) largest branch of abdominal aorta, supplies most of the small intestine and the first half of the large intestine. |
| Renal Arteries | (Artery Serviing Abdominal Organs) Paired and supply the kidneys. |
| Inferior Mesenteric Artery | (Artery Serving Abdomical Organs) Final branch of abdominal aorta, supplies the distal half of the large intestine via several branches. |
| Right/Left Common Iliac Arteries | (Artery Serving Abdominal Organs) In the pelvice region, divides from the descending aorta, serve the pelvis, lower abdominal wall, and the lower limbs. |
| Right/Left Internal Iliac Arteries | (Artery of Lower Limbs)Internal Illiac Ateries: supplies the gluteal muscles; the adductor muscles of the medial thigh; external genitalia; perineum. |
| Right/Left External Iliac Arteries | (Artery of Lower Limbs)Supplies the anterior abdominal wall and the lower limb. |
| Femoral Artery | (Artery of Lower Limbs) Runs into thigh. |
| Deep Femoral Artery | (Artery of Lower Limbs) Supplies the posterior thigh (knee flexor muscles). |
| Popliteal Artery | (Artery of Lower Limbs)In the knee region, subdivides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries, and supplies the leg, ankle, and foot. |
| Anterior Tibial Artery | (Artery of Lower Limbs) Supplies the extensor muscles. |
| Posterior Tibial Artery | (Artery of Lower Limbs) Supplies flexor muscles. |
| Superior Vena Cava | Veins draining the head and upper extremities empty into it. |
| Inferior Vena Cava | Veins draining the lower body empty into it. A much longer vessel than the superior vena cava. |
| Common Iliac Veins | Drain venous blood from the legs and pelvis. |
| Internal Iliac Vein | (Vein of the Lower Limbs) Forms part of the common iliac vein, drains the pelvis. |
| External Iliac Vein | (Vein of the Lower Limbs) Forms part of the common iliac vein, drains the lower limb. |
| Femoral Vein | (Vein of the Lower Limbs) Located in the thigh. |
| Great Saphenous Vein | (Vein of the Lower Limbs) A superficial vein, longest vein in the body. It extends up the medial side of leg, knee, and thigh to empty into the femoral vein. |
| Small Saphenous Vein | (Vein of the Lower Limbs) Runs along the later aspect of the foot and through the calf muscle, which it drains. |
| Renal Veins | (Vein of the Abdomen) Are paired and drained the kidneys. |
| Hepatic Veins | (Vein of the Abdomen) Are left & right, drain the liver. |
| Superior Mesenteric Vein | (Vein of the Abdomen) ? |
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AmericanDame105
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