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genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gene | A DNA segment or sequence that codes for a polypeptide rRNA or tRNA |
| Genome | the full set of genes present in a cell or virus |
| Lagging strand | the strand of DNA that is discontinuously synthesized by the formation of short okazaki fragments |
| Leader sequence | a sequence in a gene that corresponds to a nontranslated region at the 5’ end of the mRNA |
| Leading strand | strand of DNA that is syn continuously |
| Molecular chaperones | proteins that assist in the folding and stabilization of the other proteins or in directing newly syn proteins to secretion systems or other location in the cell |
| Okazaki fragments | short stretches of polynucleotides produced during discontinuous DNA replication |
| Peptidyl transferase | the rRNA ribozyme that catalyzeds the addition of an amino acid to the growing peptide chain during translation |
| Promoter | the region on DNA at the startof a gene to which RNA polymerase binds before beginning transcription |
| Reading frame | frame the way in which nucleotides in DNA and mRNA are grouped into codons for reading the message contained in the nucleotide sequence |
| Replication | the process by which an exact copy of a parental nucleic acid is made w the parental molecule serving as a template |
| Replication fork | the yshaped structure where DNA is replicated the arms of the y contain template strand and a newly syn DNA copy |
| Replicon | a unit of the genome tat contains an origin of replication and in which DNA is replicated |
| Replisome | a complex of proteins that replicates DNA |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that catalyzes the syn of mRNA under the direction of a template |
| Shine dalgarno sequence | a segment in the leader of bacterial of some archaeal mRNA that binds to a sequence on the sixtennnS rRna of the small ribosomal subunit, it helps properly orient the mRNA on the ribosome |
| Sigma factor | a protein that helps bacterial RNA polymerase core enzyme recognize the promoter |
| Stop codon | a codon that does not code for an amino acid but is a signal to stop protein syn also called a nonsense codon |
| Template strand | a DNA strand that specifies the base sequence of a new complementary strand of DNA or RNA |
| Transcription | process by which single stranded RNA w a base sequence complementary to the template strand of DNA is syn |
| Translation | the process by which the genetic message carried by mRNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides w the aid of ribosomes and other cell constituents |
| Bioenergetics | study of energy transformation in living systems |
| Various food molecules | polysaccharides and di need to be converted to monoprior to use proteins and fats protease and deamination beta oxidation |
Created by:
wfetner
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