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Biol 5 Ch. 19 -23
Human Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the 2 types of cell division | Mitosis & Meiosis |
| What is a diploid cell? | Diploid cells have 2 sets of homologous chromosomes |
| What are the 3 steps in Interphase? | 3 steps of interphase are G1, S1, and G2; |
| What are the 4 phases of Mitosis?; | the 4 phases are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, & Telophase; |
| What is Cytokinesis?; | the division of the cytoplasm; |
| What are the phases in Meiosis? | Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, interkenisis, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, & Telophase II |
| Chromosomal mistakes; | trisomy, monosomy, deletion, duplication; |
| What is Amniocentesis? | a big needle goes in to pregnant ladies belly and grabs a sample of the amniotic fluid |
| what is a Gene? | Segments of DNA code for specific protiens; |
| genotype means? | genes that are present; |
| Law of Segration? | each chromosome is inherited independently of the other (not stuck together) |
| DNA? | double stranded and made up of nucleotides, sugar, phosphate & nitrogenous base |
| Which Nitrogenous bases make up our DNA? | Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine |
| Which nitrogenous bases pair together and why? | A-T & C=G they are happy because they equal 3 (size) and connect by matching bonds |
| What does Multiple Alleles mean & give an example? | when 3 or more forms of a given gene exist ex: blood types |
| Gregor Mendel? | 1st to study how single genes are inherited from parent to offspring; |
| phenotypical ratio? | 3:1 |
| What is Mitosis? | Mitosis is photocopying the cell ending with two diploid cells; |
| What is a haploid cell? | Haploid cells have 1 set of chromosomes, only found in gametes. |
| What happens in interphases G1, S1, & G2 | G1 is growth differentiation; S1 is synthesis of DNA (replication); G2 is duplication of organelles |
| what happens in prophase? | chromosomes condense |
| What is Karyotype? | when chromosomes are stained and photographed & arranged by size |
| trisomy means and example | 3 chromosomes trisomy 21 causes down syndrom; |
| What is Chorionic villi sampling? | involves in taking a sample of the chrionic villi (where the baby attaches to uterus) |
| What is a Trait? | proteins that gives you an inheritance characteristics |
| phenotype means? | physical expression of the genes; |
| What is Meiosis? | Meiosis is cell division that makes gametes, ending with 4 haploid cells |
| What happens during Metaphase? | chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| How many chromosomes are in a cell?; How many chromosomes are in a gametes? | 46; 23 |
| define monosomy & give an example; | 1 chromosome, monosomy x causes turner syndrome; |
| What is an alleles? | different forms of the same gene |
| Punnet square? | a matrix used to find ratios; |
| Genotypical ratio? | 1:2:1 |
| What happens in anaphase? | the chromosomes seperate |
| define deletion & duplication of a chromosome | deletion is loss of a piece of chromosome, and duplication is a piece is added to a chromosomes |
| What is Homozygous Dominant mean? | 2 alleles of the dominant gene; |
| What happens in telophase? | chromosomes reach the edge and pull apart the cell |
| What does heterozygous mean? | 1 dominate and 1 recessive gene; |
| What does Homozygous Recessive mean? | 2 alleles of the recessive gene |
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