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Chs 11-12

AP1

QuestionAnswer
Neuroglia cells found in CNS Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal, Oligodendrocytes
Neuroglia cells found in PNS Satellite & Schwann Cells
Neuroglia Cells CNS cells that support & protect neurons
Astrocytes Cells CNS Numerous processes that give cell star shape,maintain ion balance around neurons & control exchange of materials between blood vessels & neurons
Microglia Cells CNS small ovoid cells,phagocytic macrophages that provide protective function by engulfing microorganisms & cellular debris *1st line of defense in CNS**
Ependymal Cells CNS Line the fluid filled cavities of the brain & spinal cord. Many ciliated. Form a permeable barrier between CSF that fills cavities & tissue bathes cells of CNS
Sattelite Cells PNS located in the ganglia & surround neuron cell bodies in PNS, function unknown
Schwann(nuerolemmocytes)Cells PNS form Myelin sheaths around larger nerve fibers, similar function to oligodendrocytes
Characteristics of neurons structural units of nervous system,specialized cells conduct messages in form of impulse from 1 part body to another, extreme longevity proper care last lifetime, lose ability to divide
Characteristics of neurons pt 2
Dendrites motor neuron, short w/branches, main receptive(input)region; antenna, picks up signals, convey incoming messages toward cell body
Axons long, slender process of cell body that sends nerve impulses(generated at hillock)& releases neurotransmitters & sends away from cell,conducting region,
Myelin Sheath white fat that covers nerve Schwann cells,fibers, protects & insulates fibers & increases speed of transmission of nerve impulses,
Myelinated Fibers CNS CNS,conduct nerve impulses rapidly, associated w/axons, white matter,nodes of Ranvier,
Un-myelinated Fibers CNS CNS,Conduct slower nerve impulses, associated w/dendrites,gray matter
Myelin Sheaths PNS formed by Schwann cells wrapped around the axons, wrap process complete many layers enclose axon, end in bulge at end
Difference in Myelinated & Un-myelinated fibers myelin sheath on a nerve fiber is used insulation & fast conduction of nerve impulses in AXONS. Myelin is composed of lipids,proteins & white in appearance, giving "white matter" of the brain.Unmyelinated has slower nerve impulse axons; slow speech..
Gyri almost entire surface of cerebral hemi marked by elevated ridges of tissue
Sulci shallow grooves that separate Gyri
Fissures Deep grooves also separate large regions of the brain
5 lobes of Cerebral Hemisphere Frontal, Parietal, Temporal,Occipital & Insula
Vision Posterior tip of Occipital Lobe
Auditory Temporal Lobe
Olfactory Medial aspect of temporal Lobe
Long Term Memory LTM Limitless capacity,ability to store & receive info but declines w/age,remember scores of phone #'s by committing them to LTM, can be forgotten & memory bank changes w/time
Short Term Memory STM also called "working memory", first step,gives us ability to look up phone #s, dial it & never think of it again, STM is limited to 7-8 chunks info at a time
Meninges 3 connective tissue membranes that cover & Protect the CNS from external to internal are Dura Mater,Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater,
Dura Mater (tough mother) MOST EXTERNAL LAYER...Toughest layer, leather 2 layer sheet of Fibrous connective tissue,attached to inner surface skull. protects the spinal cord & brain all way down
Arachnoid Mater MIDDLE LAYER...loose brain covering. separated by dura mater by narrow cavity, subdural space,largest blood vessel serves brain
Pia Mater INNERMOST LAYER...composed of delicate connective tissue & richly supplied tiny blood vessels,clings tightly to the brain following its every convolution....
Created by: 1298518297
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