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Med Term Ch 2 Cells
Parts of the Cell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nuclear Membrane | Encloses the nucleus |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell; contains genetic material (DNA) |
| Nucleolus | Small, dense structure located in the nucleus; important in the synthesis of ribosomes |
| Centrioles | Hollow, rod shaped sturctures found in the cytoplasm near the nucleus; plays an important role in cell division |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | "transport system" of the cell; where formation of proteins occur |
| Smooth ER | without ribosomes; manufactures lipids and hormones |
| Rough ER | ribosomes attached; transports proteins |
| Golgi Apparatus | Stack of flattened sacs; processes and packages the proteins |
| Lysosomes | Sacs of various sizes and shapes; contains strong chemicals that dicest various substances that enter the cytoplasm |
| Mitochondria | Sausage-shaped sacs; "powerhouse" of the cell; where catabolism occurs; provides energy for the cell |
| Catabolism | process by which food is burned to release energy |
| Microtubules | Extremely small, hollow tubes; criss-cross cytoplasm for form "skeleton"; give cells strength and shape |
| Ribosomes | Composed of RNA and protein; Form amino acids into new protein molecules |
| Vacuoles | Membrane-bound sacs that appear in the cytoplasm when the cell membrane folds inward on itself; aid in metabolic activity of the cell |
| Microvilli | Tiny fingerlike extensions that project from the surface of certain cells; increase absorptive surface of cells |
| Cilia | Hairlike projections that move substances along the cell surface |
| Flagella | Hairlike projections that provide movement for the cell |
| Diffusion | Movement of solids from high to low concentration; doesn't require cellular energy |
| Filtration | Movement of a fluid by hydrostatic pressure; doesn't require cellular energy |
| Osmosis | Movement of water from high to low concentration |
| Phagocytosis | "cell eating"; cell engulfs particle; requires cellular energy |
| How many chromosomes are in one sex cell | 23 |
| How many chromosomes in an embryo | 46 (23 pair) |
| Karyotyping | determines whether the chromosomes are normal in number and structure |
| DNA | long coiled molecules that contain organized chromosomes |
| Genes | functional units of heredity |
| When a dominant gene is inherited from one parent, will that offspring have that genetic condition? | yes |
| When a recessive gene is inherited from one parent and a normal gene from the other parent, will the offspring have that genetic condition? | no |
| If a recessive gene is inherited from both parents will the offspring have that genetic condition? | yes |
Created by:
Msdaisy92104
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