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HESI-A2 CHEMISTRY
Chemistry note cards for HESI entrance exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter that has a definite shape and volume | solid |
| Matter that changes in volume with changes in temperature and pressure | gas |
| A ____________ change of matter is when no change is made tot he chemical composition of a substance. | physical |
| Simplest of substances and is represented by a letter or letters | element |
| Law that states matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction | Law of conservation of mass |
| The breaking of bonds and reforming of new bonds to create new chemical compounds with different chemical formulas and different chemical properties | Chemical reaction |
| 5 main chemical reactions | synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, double replacement |
| Chemical reaction in which 2 elements combine to form a product | synthesis |
| Chemical reaction that is the breaking of a compound into component parts | decomposition |
| The chemical reaction that is the reaction of a compound with oxygen | combustion |
| Chemical reaction that consists of an active metal reaction with an ionic compound creating a new compound | single replacement |
| Chemical reaction involving 2 ionic compounds; the reactant yields "switched partners" | double replacement |
| how elements are arranged on the periodic table | by their chemical properties |
| Number that represents the # of protons an element has | atomic number |
| average of the masses of each of its isotopes as they occur in nature | atomic mass |
| Mass number - atomic number = ____________ | # of neutrons in an element |
| Columns of the periodic table = ________ | groups |
| Rows of the periodic table = ___________ | periods |
| Group IA = _____ charge | +1 |
| Group IIA = ______ charge | +2 |
| Group IIIA = ______ charge | +3 |
| Group VA = ______ charge | -3 |
| Group VIA = ______ charge | -2 |
| Group VIIA = ______ charge | -1 |
| Charge of noble gases | 0 |
| Positively charged ions | protons |
| Negatively charged ions | electrons |
| Neutral ions | neutrons |
| # of proteins in an element = ________ | atomic number |
| proteins + neutrons = ______ | mass number |
| In ________ reactions, atoms try to reach stable electron configurations. | chemical |
| ___________ reactions take place in the nucleus, to obtain stable nuclear configurations. | nuclear |
| Word used to describe the emission of particles from an unstable nucleus. | radioactivity |
| The particles that are emitted during radioactivity | radiation |
| 3 types of radiation | alpha, beta, gamma |
| Radiation that is the emission of helium ions | alpha |
| Alpha radiation particles have a charge of ______ | +2 |
| How can penetration from alpha particles be stopped? | piece of paper |
| Radiation that is a product of the decomposition of a neutron. It is composed of high-speed, high-energy electrons. | beta radiation |
| How can beta radiation particles be stopped? | aluminum foil |
| _______ radiation is high-energy electromagnetic radiation that lacks charge and mass. | gamma |
| What radiation can be stopped by several feet of concrete or several inches of lead? | gamma radiation |
| 2 types of chemical bonding | ionic & covalent |
| What bond is an electrostatic attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions? (between metals & nonmetals) | ionic |
| A single ______ bond is formed when 2 atoms share a pair of electrons. | covalent |
| A ________ bond is formed when 2 electron pairs are shared. | double covalent |
| A _______ bond is formed when 3 electron pairs are shared. | triple covalent |
| What is the strongest type of chemical bond? What is it formed by? | covalent bond; non-metals |
| In a covalent bond compound, if the electrons are shared equally, then the bond is ________. | non-polar |
| If electrons are not shared equally in a covalent bond, the bond is _______. | polar |
| _________ is based on the difference in electronegativity values for the elements involved | polarity |
| Hydrogen bonding, dipole interactions and dispersion forces. | intermolecular forces |
| Bond that is the attraction for a hydrogen atom by a highly electronegative element. | hydrogen bond |
| Elements flourine, chlorine, oxygen and nitrogen are generally involved in a ______ bond. | hydrogen |
| Bond that is the strongest of the intermolecular forces | hydrogen |
| The attractions of one dipole for another | dipole interactions |
| A _______ is created when an electron pair in a covalent bond is shared unequally | dipole |
| A dipole attraction is a _________ intermolecular force. | weak |
| The weakest of all intermolecular forces. | dispersion forces |
| Dispersion forces are typically found in ___________ covalent compounds. | Non-polar |
| 6.02 x 10^23 is a | mole |
| The mass of one mole of a substance | atomic mass |
| The part of chemistry that deals with the quantities and numeric relationships between compounds in a chemical reaction. | stoichiometry |
| To balance an equation, ______ are placed in front of each component. | coefficient |
| 4 ways to increase the reaction rate | increase temperature, increase surface area, increase concentrations and reactants and add a catalyst |
| Increasing the ___________ causes the particles to have greater kinetic energy, allowing them to move faster and have a greater chance | temperature |
| Accelerates a reaction by reducing the activation energy, or the amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur. | catalyst |
| ________ reaction involve the transfer of electrons from one element to another | redox |
| The loss of electrons | oxidation |
| The gain of electrons | reduction |
| Sum of oxidation #'s = __________ | The charge on polyatomic ions |
| Compounds acting as hydrogen-ion donors | acids |
| Compounds acting a hydrogen-ion acceptors | bases |
| pH value less that 7.0; taste sour/tart; produce h30+ (most of their formulas begin with H) | acids |
| Produce OH-; taste is bitter, feels slippery; conduct electricity; formulas contain OH-, pH value is greater than 7.0 | bases |
| What characterizes a chemical reaction as combustion? | adding O2 |
| What is the change of potassium in KCl? | +1 because K is found in group IA |
| How many electrons does an oxygen ion have | 10 (it has an atomic # of 8 and is in group VIA, which has a -2 charge, which means it has 2 more electrons thant he 8 protons). |
| How many neutrons does an atom of carbon -14 contain? | 8 (take the mass #-atomic # = neutrons) 14-6=8 |
| What is the strongest type of chemical bond? | covalent bond |
| What is the mass of one mole of CO2? | 44g/mol ( C=12.011 + (15.999 x 2) = answer) |
| How many moles are present in 2 moles of O2? | 1.204 x 10^24 ( 1 mole - 6.02 x 10^23, 2 mole would be double that) |
| What would be the oxidation state of the sulfur atom in sulfuric acid, H2SO4? | +6 |
Created by:
candismurphy
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