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BIOL 2215
Viruses and Epidemiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three basic shapes of a virus? | Helical - capsomeres bond together in spiral fashion to form tube around nucleic acid Polyhedral – roughly spherical Complex – everything else that doesn’t fit into the first two categories |
| What is the origin of the viral envelope? | Acquired from host cell during viral replication or release (budding) |
| How are viruses classified | (1) type of nucleic acid (2) presence of envelope (3) shape (4) size The type of genetic material making up their genome (dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, ssRNA) may be linear and segmented or single and circular |
| What is a virion? | a virus outside of a cell, consisting of a proteinaceous capsid surrounding a nucleic acid core |
| What is a nucleocapsid? | nucleic acid + capsid. Another name for virion |
| What is an envelope? | membrane made up of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins, which surrounds the nucleocapsid |
| What is a capsid? | protein coat |
| What is a capsomere? | protein subunits that make up the capsid |
| What is a naked virus? | a virus without an envelope |
| What is an enveloped virus? | a virus with a membrane |
| What are spikes? | virally coded glycoproteins on the envelope surface |
| What is a bacteriophage? | “bacteria eater” a virus that infects bacteria |
| What is budding? | extrusion of enveloped virions through the host cell’s membrane |
| What is a generalist? | viruses that infect many kinds of cells in many different hosts |
| What is lytic replication? | Replication cycle, consisting of five stages, usually results in death and lysis of host cell |
| What are plaques? | in phage typing, the clear region within the bacterial lawn where growth is inhibited by Bacteriophages |
| What are the functions of the capsid? | : protection for viral nucleic acid and a means by which a virus can attach to its host |
| What does the T4 phage attach to? | only to E. coli |
| What is a lysozyme? | an enzyme carried within the capsid that weakens the peptidoglycan of the cell wall |
| What was the first virus to be seen with an electron microscope? | Tobacco Mosaic Virus |
| What is the burst size? | the number of virions released when host cell lyses |
| What is burst time? | the period of time required to complete lytic replication, from attachment to release |
| What is lysogeny? | Lysogenic Replication – infected host cells grow and reproduce normally for generations before they lyse (ex= E. coli bacteriophage lambda) |
| What is the purpose of spikes? | they mediate attachment |
| What is latency? | some viruses remain dormant in host cells (chickenpox) and do not become incorporated into host chromosome |
| What are the three methods of entry of an animal virus? | (1) direct penetration (2) membrane fusion (3) endocytosis |
| How does a bacteriophage come in contact with a bacterium? | random collision |
Created by:
shey03
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