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Micro lecture 11
Part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Symbiosis | To Live Together |
| The Three Types of Symbiotic Relationships | Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism |
| Pathogen | a parasite that causes disease |
| Mutualism Relationships | Benefit Organism 1, Benefits Organism 2, Example=Bacteria in Human Colon |
| Commensalism Relationships | Benefit Organism 1, Neither Benefits nor Harms Organism 2, Example=Staphylococcus on skin |
| Parasitism Relationships | Benefits Organism 1, Harms Organism 2, Example=Tuberculosis Bacteria in the Human Lung |
| Axenic | Free From Microbes(e.g. inside most tissues) |
| Normal Flora | Organisms that Colonize the Body WITHOUT Normally Causing Disease |
| Types of Normal Flora | Resident Microbiota, Transient Microbiota |
| Resident Microbiota | remain part of your normal flora for your entire life; (mostly commensal) |
| Transient Microbiota | Remain in your body for short periods |
| Acquisition of Normal Microbiota | Development in Womb Free of Microorganisms(axenic),Microbiota begin to develop during birthing, much of resident microbiota establish during first months of life |
| Opportunistic Pathogens | Normal flora that cause disease under certain circumstances |
| Conditions that provide opportunities for pathogens to become opportunistic | Introduction of normal microbiota into unusual site in body, Changes in the normal microbiota, Immune suppression |
| Reservoirs of Infectious Diseases in Humans | Animal Reservoir, Human Carriers, Non-living Reservoir |
| Zoonoses | Diseases that naturally spread from animal hosts to humans |
| You can acquire Zoonoses by | Direct contact with animal or its waste, eating animals, bloodsucking arthropods(ticks, mosquitoes) |
| Humans are usually | dead-end host to zoonotic pathogens |
| Human Carriers | Infected individuals who are asymptomatic but infective to others |
| Nonliving Reservoirs | Soil, Water, and Food |
| Soil is a reservoir for | Clostridium (tetanus, botulism, etc.) |
| Most Soil, Water, or Food is contaminated by | Feces or Urine |
| Contamination | The mere presence of microbes in or on the body |
| Infection | When organisms evade the body's external defenses, multiples, and becomes established in the body |
| Human Microbial Portals of Entry | Skin, Mucous Membranes, placenta, Parenteral Route |
| Some pathogens that cross the placenta are | Toxoplasma gondii, Treponema pallidum, Listeria monocytogenes, Lentivirus, Rubivirus |
| Toxoplasma | Toxoplasmosis(abortion,epilepsy,encephalitis,retardation,blindness, etc.) |
| Treponema pallidum | Syphilis |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Listeriosis |
| Lentivirus(HIV) | AIDS |
| Rubivirus | German Measles |
| Parenteral Route | Not a true port of entry (Wounds, cuts, punctures) |
| Adhesion | Process by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells |
| Adhesion Factors | Specialized structures(suckers and hooks),Attachment Proteins(bacteria & viruses) |
| Viruses and bacteria have lipoproteins and glycoproteins called | Ligands |
| Ligands | enable viruses and bacteria to bind to complementary receptors on host cells |
| Interaction can determine | pathogen-host cell specificity |
| Neisseria Gonorrhoeae has | adhesion's on fimbriae that adhere to cells lining the urethra, and vagina of humans.(cannot infect other organisms) |
| Losing the ability to make a ligand | can render the pathogen avirulent(harmless) |
| Some pathogens have | more than one type of adhesion(Bordetella Pertussis ie Whopping Cough) |
| Some pathogens can | change their adhesions over time to help evade the immune system(Plasmodium ie Malaria) |
| Some bacterial pathogens attach to each other to form | Biofilms |
Created by:
tla1957
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