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U3 - Ear/Hearing

QuestionAnswer
Ear contains receptors for both hearing & for equilibrium/balance that generate signals when physically stimulated
Three regions of Ear outer ear, middle ear, inner ear; hearing is a function of all three, while equilibrium is only associated with inner ear
Outer ear consists of pinna/auricle and external acoustic meatus
Pinna/auricle what most consider as the “ear”; shell shaped flap on each side of head
External acoustic meatus passageway extending from auricle to eardrum/tympanic membrane medially through temporal bone; lined with glands
Ceruminous glands glands of external acoustic meatus which secrete earwax/cerumen
Eardrum/tympanic membrane forms boundary b/t outer and middle ears; sound waves cause it to vibrate
Middle ear/tympanic cavity small, air-filled space w/in temporal bone; lateral boundary is tympanic membrane; medial boundary wall of bone separating from inner ear; has oval window, round window
Oval window and round window two holes penetrating medial wall of middle ear/tympanic membrane
Mastoid antrum posterior of middle ear; canal leading to mastoid air cells in mastoid process; sometimes infections can spread from middle ear to mastoid process through it
Pharyngotympanic/auditory/Eustachian tube links middle ear to pharynx; usually flattened/closed, but swallowing/yawning can open it allowing middle ear’s air pressure to equalize with outside air pressure
Middle ear infection/otitis media usually starts as throat infection that spreads to ear via Eustachian tube; fluid and pus can build up in middle ear cavity and exert painful pressure
Myringotomy tubes in ears for children who have persistent otitis media; allows pus to drain from middle ear to outer ear
Auditory ossicles smallest bones in bodies spanning middle ear/tympanic ear; malleus/hammer, anvil/incus, stapes/stirrup; function to transport vibrations from eardrum to fluids of inner ear
Auditory ossicle function eardrum moveshammer moves w/ittransfers vibes to anvilon to stirruppresses on oval window of inner earmvmt of window sets fluids of inner ear into motion
Otosclerosis condition resulting from excessive growth of bone tissue in walls of middle ear cavity; causes some degree of fusion to one+ of auditory ossicles
Inner ear/internal ear/labyrinth maze of chambers w/in temporal bone; two divisions of outer bony labyrinth and inner membranous labyrinth
Perilymph fluid in bony labyrinth
Endolymph fluid in membranous labyrinth
3 parts of bony labyrinth semicircular canals, vestibule, cochlea
Semicircular canals provide for dynamic equilibrium in association w/ rotational/angular movement of head; b/c there are 3, provide for detection of movement on three different planes via cristae ampullaris
Vestibule provides for static equilibrium
Cochlea provides for hearing; three chambers-scala vestibule, scala tympani, cochlear duct/scala media
Cochlear duct/scala media part of cochlea, contains receptor for hearing
Spinal organ of corti sensory structure in cochlear duct/scala media that provides for hearing; supported by basilar membrane; overlying tectorial membrane
How do sound waves stimulate hair cells of spiral organ of Corti to make conscious sensation of sound? eardrum/tympanic membrane; malleus; anvil; stapes; perilymph fluid & endolymph; basilar membrane; hair cells in spiral organ of Corti; tweaking of hairs by tectorial membrane; sensory fiber of cochlear division; primary auditory cortex
Parts of membranous labyrinth semicircular ducts, utricle and saccule, cochlear duct/scala media
Saccule & utricle of vestibule associated with static equilibrium in vestibule; have some spot called macula w/ receptor hair cells that monitor pos. of head
Otolithic membrane jelly-like disc holding hair cells in macula; contains dense crystals called otoliths
Static equilibrium saccule & utriclemacula in each contain receptor hair cellsembedded in otolithic membraneotoliths
Dynamic equilibrium semicircular canalsend in ampullas that house crista ampullariswhich contain hair cellswhich project into cupula; movement causes endolymph fluid to move in different directions
Deafness 2 types—conduction and sensorineural
Conduction deafness results when something interferes w/ conduction of sound vibrations to inner ear; caused by ruptured eardrum/otitis media/ostosclerosis
Sensorineural deafness occurs due to degeneration/damage to receptor hair cells in organ of Corti, damage to cochlear div. of vestibulocochlear nerve, or damage to neurons of primary auditory cortex; usually result of gradual loss of hair cells with age
Created by: mbtrimm
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