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U3-ANS

QuestionAnswer
Autonomic Nervous System visceral motor subdivision of PNS; aka involuntary NS; visceral motor neurons & autonomic ganglia; reg. activity of cardiac, smooth muscles, glands
Effectors of ANS cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, glands
Neurotransmitters of ANS norepinephrine and acetylcholine
Duo innervation provided by ANS 2 divisions – sympathetic and parasympathetic serve same organs, but cause opposite effects.
Sympathetic div. of ANS fight, fright, flight b/c mobilizes body during times of psychological stress;
Parasympathetic resting, relaxing, digesting, housekeeping
Effects/Target Tissues/Organs of Sympathetic div. of ANS increase rate/force of heartbeat, rapid breathing, dilates bronchioles to provide more oxygen, stimulates sweat, dilates pupils, increases blood pressure, blood sugar
Effects/Target Tissues/Organs of Sympathetic div. of ANS dilates blood vessels in skeletal muscles and heart to increase blood flow to them; constricts vessels in most parts of body, esp. important in digestive tract and skin
Effects/Target Tissues/Organs of Sympathetic div. of ANS stimulates adrenal medulla to secrete adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine); allows for widespread effects
Effects/Target Tissues/Organs of Sympathetic div. of ANS decreases activity of digestive tract, inhibits salivation, increases metabolic rate
Effects/Target Tissues/Organs of Parasympathetic div. of ANS effects tend to be more specific/localized than those of sympathetic; decreases vagus nerve rate and force of heartbeat; stimulates via vagus nerve activity of digestive tract, including promotion of smooth muscle motility and digestive gland secretion
Effects/Target Tissues/Organs of Parasympathetic div. of ANS salivation, elimination of feces, slows breathing, constricts bronchioles in lungs, lowers blood pressure
Effects/Target Tissues/Organs of Parasympathetic div. of ANS stimulates circularly arranged constrictor smooth muscle in iris to constrict pupils; stimulates ciliary muscle to bulge lens for near vision
Anatomical Characteristics of Sympathetic div. of ANS axons extend from thoracic & lumbar parts of spinal cord to provide thoracolumbar outflow; ganglia near spinal cord; short preganglionic fibers, long postganglionic fibers; extensive branching, rami communicantes
Anatomical Characteristics of Parasympathetic div. of ANS axons extend from brain & sacral part of spinal cord to provide craniosacral outflow
Preganglionic neuron neuron of cell body of ANS; part of the two-neuron chain; it synapses with the second neuron, the ganglionic neuron in an autonomic ganglion
Postganglionic axon/fiber second neuron of the ANS two-neuron chain; extends to a visceral organ to affect smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or gland
Adrenal medulla inner portion of adrenal gland; important component of both sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system; consists of chromaffin cells which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into bloodstream
Special senses include taste/gustation, smell/olfaction, vision, hearing, equilibrium
Chemical senses taste/gustation, smell/olfaction; receptors for taste and smell classified as chemoreceptors
Gustation/sense of taste papillae (tastebuds); gustatory cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva; sense of taste largely depends on stimulation of olfactory receptors
Olfaction/sense of smell superior aspect of nasal cavity; olfactory epithelium are the olfactory receptors which transmit impulses along olfactory nerve to olfactory bulbs
Created by: mbtrimm
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