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U3 - Nervous System

QuestionAnswer
Intro to the Nervous System major communication & controlling system of the body; controls own neurons/nerve cells, muscle cells, & gland cells via nerve impulses; 3 overlapping fuctions
Three overlapping functions of nervous system receives sensory input, integration, sends out motor output
Receives sensory input function the nervous system uses its millions of sensory receptors to monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body. These changes are called stimuli and the gathered information is called sensory input.
Integration process by which the nervous system processes and interprets sensory input and makes decisions about what should be done
Sends out motor output nervous system elicits responses by sending signals (motor output) to muscles and glands (effector organs); muscles can resond by contracting and glands can respond by secreting a chemical product (hormone, sweat, saliva, etc).
Means of communication and regulation NS vs. ES NSnerve impulses; EShormones
Transport medium of communication NS vs. ES NSneurons/nerve cells in nerves and other nervous system components; ESblood
Speed of communication and regulation NS vs ES NSrelatively fast; ESrelatively slow
Duration of effects NS vs. ES NSrelatively short-lasting; ESrelatively long lasting
Divisions & Organization of Nervous System two divisions, central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS).
CNS consists of brain and spinal cord
PNS consists of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia
Ganglia clusters of neuron cell bodies
divisions of PNS sensory/afferent division & motor/efferent division
Sensory/afferent division of PNS consists of neurons that convey impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS; includes general somatic sensory, special sensory, and visceral sensory components
General somatic senses component of PNS; involves sensory receptors throughout body, but esp associated w/ receptors in skin and joint-related structures. Includes touch, pressure, pain, vibration, temp, and proprioception (sense of body position)
Special senses component of PNS; involves complex sensory receptors in head and provide for special sensations like vision, hearing, olfaction, equilibrium.
Visceral senses component of PNS; associated w/ visceral sensory input from internal organs like the stomach, urinary bladder, uterus, heart. Sensations includes pain, stretch (distension), nausea, and hunger.
Motor/efferent division of PNS consists of neurons that transmit impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands). Further divided into somatic (voluntary) motor & visceral (involuntary) motor subdivisions.
Somatic motor/voluntary nervous system component of motor/efferent division of PNS; provides for stimulation of all skeletal muscles
Visceral motor/involuntary/autonomic nervous system component of motor/efferent division of PNS; controls visceral effectors (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands). Subdivisions include parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.
Cells of the nervous system supporting cells and neurons
Supporting cells/glial cells several specific types of cells that support, insulate, and protect neurons. Can’t produce nerve impulses; outnumber neurons; capable of mitosis
glial cells cells responsible for brain tumors (gliomas) because they can undergo mitosis.
specific kinds of supporting/glial cells oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, Schwann cells/neurolemmocytes
Oligodendrocytes specific type of glial cell; found only in CNS where they form myelin sheaths
astrocytes specific type of glial cell; only in CNS; most abundant type of glial cell. Help recycle neurotransmitters, take up & release ions to help maintain proper ionic environment for neurons, help form synapses between neurons; may be involved with memory.
Schwann cells/Neurolemmocytes specific type of glial cell; found only in PNS where they form myelin sheaths
Nuclei (singular is nucleus) clusters of neuron cell bodies located in the CNS, specifically in the brain. Gray colored because not much myelin is present.
Ganglia (singular is ganglion) clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS
Tract bundle of nerve fibers/axons in the CNS; many nerve fibers in these are myelinated, therefore tracts are white colored.
Nerve bundle of nerve fibers/axons in the PNS; many axons in nerves are mylenated, therefore nerves are white colored
Gray matter portion of CNS lacking myelin; consists largely of neuron cell bodies
White matter portion of CNS containing myelin; consists largely of bundles of myelinated fibers (tracts)
Created by: mbtrimm
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