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Immunology Q1
AH 15 H 21
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The word immune derived from... | Latin word immunis, meaning "free of burden" |
| Immune system | Complex network of highly specialized cells and tissues |
| AKA immune system | Host defense system |
| Functions of the immune system | Protect the body, maintain homeostasis, serve as a surveillance network |
| Immunocompetance | When the immune system responds appropriately to a foreign stimulus |
| Immunity | Insusceptible to or unaffected by a particular disease or condition |
| Immunology | The study of the immune system |
| Innate (natural) immunity | First line of defense; provides physical and chemical barriers |
| Adaptive (acquired) immunity | Second line of defense; provides a specific response, protects the internal environment |
| Macrophages | Phagocytes |
| Antigen | Substance recognized by the body as foreign that can trigger an immune response |
| Humoral (blood or plasma) immunity | Responds to antigens, active and passive immunity |
| Active immunity | The antibodies are produced by one's own body through vaccines |
| Passive immunity | Antibodies are formed by someone else in response to a specific antigen and then put into someone else |
| The four "R's" | Recognize, respond, remember, regulate |
| Importance of cellular immunity | Immunity against pathogens that survive inside cells |
| Aging causes... | Decline in the immune system |
| Aging does not... | Affect the bone marrow |
| Immunization | A controlled exposure to a disease-producing pathogen which usually triggers antibody production and prevents disease |
| Immunotherapy | Treatment of allergic responses that involves administering increasingly large doses of offending allergens until you gradually become immune to it |
| Hypersensitivity | Abonormal condition, excessive reaction to stimulus |
| Hypersensitivity reaction | Inappropriate and excessive response of the immune system to a sensitizing allergen |
| Hypersensitivity etiology | Defect that allows increase in production of the immunoglobulin IgE by inhalation, ingestion, injection or contact |
| Anaphylaxis etiology | Acute and potentially fatal hypersensitivity to an allergen |
| Latex allergy | Allergic reaction when exposed to latex products |
| Type IV latex allergy | Contact dermatitis; allergy to the chemical used to manufacture the latex |
| Type I latex allergy | Response to the natural rubber latex proteins |
| Transfusion reaction | Occurs with mismatched blood |
| Delayed hypersensitivity | Reaction occurs 24-72 hours after exposure |
| Lymph | Clear fluid that resembles plasma; composed primarily of water, electrolyte, waste and some proteins |
| Lymphatic vessels | Include lymphatic capillaries and several larger lymphatic vessels |
| Lymph from the right arm and right side of the head and thorax drains into... | The right lymphatic duct |
| Immunity | Defense system |
| Cortisol | Suppresses the immune system |
| Nonspecific immunity | First and second line of defense |
| First line of defense | Mechanical barriers, chemical barriers and reflexes |
| Second line of defense | Phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, protective proteins and natural killer cells |
| Mechanical barriers | Intact skin and mucous membranes |
| Chemical barriers | Secretions; tears, saliva, and perspiration |
| Tears secrete... | Lysozyme |
| Reflexes | Sneezing, coughing, vomiting and diarrhea |
| Diapedesis | Process of squeezing through tiny gaps |
| Chemotaxis | Signaling to attract phagocytes |
| Kupffer cells | In the liver |
| Macrophage function | Phagocytosis; present antigens to lymphocytes |
| Inflammation | Response the body makes when confronted by an irritant |
| If the irritant is caused by a pathogen, the inflammation is called... | Infection |
| Injured cells release... | Histamine and other substances that cause the blood vessels to dilate |
| Classic signs of inflammation | Redness, heat, swelling and pain |
| Phagocytes release... | Fever-producing substances called pyrogens |
| Interferons | Prevent viral reproduction and activat NK cells which boost the immune system |
| Complement proteins | Punch holes in bacterium's outer membrane and cause it to burst and die |
| Neutrophils function | Phagocytosis |
| Basophils function | Secrete histamine and heparin |
| Eosinophils function | Destroy parasites |
| Monocytes function | Phagocytosis; they enter tissues and are transformed into macrophages |
| B cells function | Antibody-mediated immunity; accounts for 20-30% of blood lymphocytes |
| Plasma cells function | Secrete antibodies |
| Memory B cells function | Remember the antigens |
| T cells function | Cell-mediated immunity; accounts for 70-80% of blood lymphocytes |
| Killer T cells function | Kill cells |
| Helper T cells function | Secrete lymphokines which activate B cells and other cells |
| Suppressor T cells function | Inhibit B cell and T cell activity (help control immune response) |
| Memory T cells function | Remember the antigens |
| Natural killer cells function | Kill cells |
| Mast cells function | Release histamine and other chemicals involved in inflammation |
| Specific immunity | Third line of defense; provides protection against one specific substance |
| Two cells that play a key role in specific immunity | Lymphocytes and macrophages |
| Antigen | Substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies |
| Immunotolerance | Recognition of self |
| Autoimmune disease | Occurs when the immune system fails to identify self and mounts an attack against its own cells |
Created by:
caysmommy03
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