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68WM6 Pharmacology
Intro to Pharm Exam Phase 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| most common unit of measurement in the medical environment | Metric System |
| 3 basic units of measurement in the metric system | Gram, Liter, Meter |
| First system of measurement used by pharmacists and physicians | Apothecary System |
| 1 grain is equal to how many mg | 60 mg |
| 1 kg is equal to how many pounds | 2.2 |
| 1 oz is equal to how many mL | 30 |
| 1 tbsp is equal to how many mL | 15 |
| 1 tsp is equal to how many mL | 5 |
| Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood stream for distribution to the tissues | Absorption |
| Drug interaction in which two or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the same drug given alone. 1+1=2 | Additive Effect |
| Any unexpected, unintended, or undesired responses to meds | Adverse Reactions |
| what the drug does to the body | Pharmacodynamics |
| The 6 rights of medication administration | Right Medication, Right Dose, Right Time, Right Route, Right Patient, Right Documentation |
| When giving an Intradermal injection, what should the size and length of the needle be? | 26-25 gauge 3/8-5/8 inch needle |
| When drawing up 2 different types of insulin, to avoid contamination, which bottle should be drawn up first? | Always draw up the clear insulin first |
| When giving an injection in the gluteal muscles, you should avoid giving the injection where? | The dorsal gluteal area, you may injure the sciatic nerve. Give the injection in the ventrogluteal area. |
| When giving an intramuscular injection, the most commonly used needle is? | 20 to 22 gauge, 1.25 inches long |
| Routes of parenteral administration | Subcutaneously Intramuscular Intravenous Intradermal |
| Administered by methods other than digestive route; usually thought of as the needle route | Parenteral administration |
| Methods of Percutaneous administration | Topical Instillation Inhalation Transdermal |
| Forms of Percutaneous Administration medications | Lotions Ointments Creams Powders |
| When verifying the amount of a liquid medication, hold eye level and see that the base of the _________ is even with the appropriate line measure on the cup. | Meniscus |
| Oral Liquid forms | Elixir Syrup Suspension |
| One or more drugs finely divided into a liquid such as water | Suspension |
| Medication dissolved in a concentrated solution of sugar and water | Syrup |
| Alcohol solution that is sweet and aromatic | Elixir |
| A tablet that can be cut in half to administer a half of a dose | Scored Tablet |
| A patient needs to take a sublingual form of nitroglycerin. Where would you instruct the patient to place the tablet? | Under the tongue |
| A form of medication that contains a powder, liquid, or oil enclosed in a hard or soft gelatin | Capsule |
| A tablet with a special coating that protects from the effects of gastric secretions and prevents them from dissolving in the stomach | Enteric Coated Tablets |
| Enteral Routes | PO Tubal Suppository Enema |
| 3 Routes of administration | Percutaneous Enteral Parenteral |
| Factors contributing to variable responses to drugs | Age, Weight, Physical health, Psychological status, Amount of food in stomach, Dosage form, Gender, Environmental temps |
| Absorption of drugs in order from most rapid to slowest | IV-->IM-->SubQ-->Oral |
| When should controlled substances be counted? | At the beginning and end of a work shift WITH another nurse |
| The drug name most commonly seen in the healthcare environment is? | Generic Name |
| A client is d/c home with a prescription for tetracycline 250 mg PO 3 times daily. Which type of name does "tetracycline" represent? | Generic name |
| Factors influencing medication absorption | Route of administration Ability of med to dissolve Blood flow to site of administration Body surface area lipid solubility of medication |
| Who must witness the disposal (wasting) of the unused portion of a controlled substance? | Another nurse. one must be an RN |
| These need to be double-locked with separate "narcotic keys" that require accountability | Controlled substances |
| These drugs have a potential for high abuse with severe dependance. i.e. Vicodin, Lorcet | Schedule II drugs |
| Potential for moderate dependence i.e. Anabolic steroids | Schedule III |
| Limited dependency potential i.e. Xanax | Schedule IV |
| Limited abuse potential i.e. codeine | Schedule V |
| High abuse potential No accepted medical use i.e. heroine, marijuana, LSD | Schedule I |
| This regulated the manufaction, distribution and dispensation of drugs that have the potential for abuse | Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 |
| The FDA assigns drugs to one of these three categories | Prescription drugs Non-prescription drugs Controlled Substances |
| 3 Drug Classifications | Clinical Indication Mechanism of Action Body System |
| This Drug classification is classified upon the disease state they are used to treat. i.e. antacids, antibiotics, antihypertensives | Clinical Indication (Therapeutic) |
| This drug classification is classified based on the drug's physiological action with in the body. i.e. Anti-cholinergics, proton-pump inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers | Mechanism of Action (Pharmacologic) |
| This drug classification is classified based on the body system it affects. i.e. CNS, Cardiovascular system, GI system | Body System |
| Drugs may be known by three different names | Chemical name Generic name Trade name |
| Brand name is the drug's registered trademark, given by the manufacturer | Trade name |
| You are checking the IVPB for your patient and you notice haziness and precipitate. Which drug interaction would you suspect? | Incompatibility |
| The nurse is administering meds to a patient who is in liver failure. THe nurse is aware that patients with liver failure would most likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic phase? | Metabolism (Biotransformation) |
| Your patient took a prescription med to help her sleep; however, she felt restless all night and did not sleep at all. The nurse recognizes that this patient has experienced a(an)... | Adverse effect |
| This is usually measured in a blood sample just before next scheduled dose for therapeutic drug monitoring. | Trough level |
| Movement of drug molecules from sit of entry into the body is called: | Absorption |
| Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone. | Additive effect |
| Expected or predictable physiological response that a medication causes | Therapeutic effects |
| amount of a drug that produces signs and symptoms of poisoning | Toxic dose |
| May develop after prolonged intake of a med or when a med accumulates in the blood because of imparied metabolism or excretion | toxic effects |
| Drug interactions in which the effect of a comination of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone. 1+1 is greater than 2. | Synergistic effect |
| the time required for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response | onset of action |
| 4 parts of the pharmicokinetic phase | absorption distribution metabolism excretion |
| from administration of the drug, disintegration of dosage form, and dissolution of the drug in the body | pharmaceutical phase |
| When drawing a medication from an ampule, you must be sure you use what? | a filter needle |
| the time required for the body to eliminate 50% of a given drug | half-life |
| rare and unpredictable effects in which a particular client overreacts or under reacts to a medication or had a reaction different from normal | idiosyncratic reactions |
| What are the two types of adverse reactions? | Allergic reactions Idiosyncratic reactions |
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