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Bio401 - Lec 5
Micro Bio Lecture 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Extremophiles | Organisms inhabiting any ecological niche outside normal growth conditions. |
| DNA microarrasy | Asses which RNAs are made in a given organism at a given time or under a given condition. Slides with a grid containing DNA probes for every gene in a genome. |
| Two-Dimensional Protein Gels | Achieve separation of proteins based on differences in each protein's isoelectric point (first dimension) and molecular weight (second dimension). |
| Pysychrophiles | Microorganism with a growth temperature of 0-20 degrees. |
| Mesophiles | Microorganism with a growth temperature of 15-45 degrees. |
| Thermophiles | Microorganism with a growth temperature of 40-80 degrees. |
| Hyperthermophiles | Microorganism with a growth temperature of 65-121 degrees. |
| Heat-Shock Response | Due to rapid temperature change experienced during growth. Protein products included chaperones that maintain protein shape and enzymes that change membrane lipid composition. |
| Barophiles or plezophiles | Are organisms adapted to grow at very high pressures. Up to 1,000 atm (101 MPa or 14,000 psi) |
| Barotolerant | Organisms grow well over the range of 1-50 MPa, but their growth falls off thereafter. |
| Water Activity A(w) | Is a measure of how much water is available for use. |
| Osmolarity | Is a measure of the number of solute molecules in a solution and is inversely related to A(w). |
| Aquaporins | Are membrane-channel proteins that allow water to traverse the membrane much faster than by diffusion. Help protect the cell from osmotic stress. |
| Hypertonic | Having a higher osmotic pressure in a fluid relative to another fluid. |
| Hypotonic | Having a lesser osmotic pressure in a fluid compared to another fluid, as in a ‘hypotonic solution’. |
| Neutralophiles | Grow at pH 5-8, includes most pathogens. |
| Acidophiles | Grow at pH0-5, are often chemoautotrophs. |
| Alkaliphiles | Grow at pH 9-11, typically found in soda lakes (salt conc and ph). |
| Aerobic Respiration | This process uses oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor. |
| Strict Aerobes | Can only grow in oxygen. |
| Microaerophiles | Grow only at lower 02 levels. |
| Strict Anaerobes | Die in the least bit of oxygen. |
| Facultative Anaerobes | Can live with or without oxygen. |
| Aerotolerant Anaerobes | Grow in oxygen while retaining a fermentation based metabolism. |
| Oligotrophs | Organisms with a high rate of growth at low solute concentrations. |
| Eutrophication | Is the sudden infusion of large quantities of formerly limiting nutrient. |
| Sterilization | Killing of all living organisms. |
| Disinfection | Killing or removal of pathogens from inanimate objects. |
| Antisepsis | Killing or removal of pathogens from the surface of living tissues. |
| Sanitation | Reducing the microbial population to safe levels. |
| Decimal reduction time (D value) | Is the length of time it takes an agent or a condition to kill 90% of the population. |
| Antibiotics | Are chemical compounds syntehsized by one microbe that kill or inhibit the growth of other microbial species. |
| Biocontrol | Is the use of one microbe to control the growth of another. |
| Probiotics | Contain certain microbes that, when ingested, aim to restore balance to intestinal flora. |
| Phage Therapy | Aims to treat infectious diseases with a virus targeted to the pathogen. |
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