Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio401 - Lec4
Micro Bio Lecture 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Essential Nutrients | Are those that must be supplied from the environment (can be limiting). |
| Macronutrients | Needed in large quantities. Major elements in cell macromoluecles; C, O, H, N, P, S. Ions necessary for protein function; Mg, CA, Fe, K. |
| Micronutrients | Trace elements necessary for enzyme function; Co, Cu, Mn, Zn. |
| Growth Factors | Specific nutrients not required by all cells. |
| Minimal Medium | Contains only the compounds needed for an organism to grow. |
| Autotrophs | Assimilate Co2 as a carbon source and assemble into organic molecules (mainly sugars). |
| Heterotrophs | Use performed organic molecules-rely on other organisms to form them. |
| Phototrophs | Obtain energy from chemical reactions triggered by light. |
| Chemotrophs | Obtain energy from oxidation-reduction reactions. |
| Lithotrophs | Use inorganic molecules as a source of electrons. |
| Organotrophs | Use organic molecules. |
| Membrane Potential | Generated when chemical energy is used to pump protons outside of the cell. |
| Proton Motive force | When the H+ gradient plus the charge difference (voltage potential) form an electrochemical potential. |
| F1Fo ATP synthase | Uses potential energy stored to transport nutrients into the cell, drive flagellar rotation, and make ATP. |
| Permeases | Substrate specific carrier proteins |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Helps solutes move across a membrane from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. Does not use energy and cannot move a molecule against a gradient. |
| Coupled Transport Systems | Are those in which energy released by moving a driving ion down its gradient is used to move a solute up its gradient. |
| Symport | When the two molecules travel in the same direction. |
| Antiport | When the actively transported molecule moves in the direction opposite to the driving ion. |
| ABC Transporters | Largest family of energy driven transport systems and is an ATP binding cassette superfamily. Two types; Uptake ABC transporters (critical for transporting nutrients) and Efflux ABC transporters (used as multi-drug efflux pumps. |
| Siderophores | Specialized molecules secreted to bind ferric ion and transport it into the cell. |
| Group Translocation | Is the process that uses energy to chemically alter the substrate during its transport. |
| Phosphotransferase System (PTS) | Uses energy from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to attach a phosphate to specific sugars. |
| Dilution Streaking | Dragging a loop across the surface of an agar plate. |
| Spread Plate | When tenfold serial dilutions are performed on a liquid culture. A small amount of each dilution is then plated. |
| Comeplex Media | Nutrient rich but poorly defined media. |
| Synthetic Media | Media that is precisely defined. |
| Enriched Media | Complex media to which specific blood components are added. |
| Selective Media | Favor the growth of one organism over another. |
| Differential Media | Exploit differences between two species that grow equally well. |
| Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorter (FACS) | Fluorescent cells are passed through a small orifice and then past a laser. Detecters measure light scatter in the forward direction (measure of particle size) and to the side (particle shape or granularity). |
| Pour Plate | Used to count viable cells. |
| Binary Fission | Most bacteria divide this way, where one parent cell splits into 2 equal daughter cells. Undergo exponential growth. |
| Generation TIme | The time it takes for a population to double. An constant interval by which bacteria divide based on an environment with unlimited resources. Interval can be dependent on species, medium, temp, pH. |
| Doubling Time | The generation time for cells in culture (the population of cells doubles over one generation). |
| Continuous Culture | Where all cells in a population achieve a steady state, which allows detailed study of bacterial physiology. |
| Chemostat | Ensures logarithmic growth by constantly adding and removing equal amounts of culture media. |
| Biofilms | Surface-attached communities of bacteria. Can be constructed by one or multiple species, and can form on a range of organic or inorganic surfaces. |
| Quarum Sensing | Communication with each other by sending and receiving chemical messengers. |
| Endospore | Produced by bacteria when faced with environmental stress. |
| Heterocysts | Specialized cells from cyanobacteria. Allow it to fix nitrogen anaerobically while maintaining oxygenic photosynthesis. |
| Gliding Motility | Energy-requiring process by which bacteria move smoothly over a solid surface. |
| Fruiting Body | A multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures are born. |
Created by:
11708312
Popular Biology sets