Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Microbiology U 3
Disinfectants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Disinfection | Process that destroys, neutralizes, and inhibits pathogenic organisms. |
| Pathogenic organism | is one that can establish and maintain an infection. |
| The agents of disinctions is the ______? | Disinfectant |
| Two Disinfectants: | Bacteriostatic (inhibits) and bactericidal (kills) |
| Antiseptic | is a disinfectant that is tissue safe. (listerine) |
| Sanitized | Has been cleaned but NOT disinfected. sanitation depart, etc. |
| pH | most ogranisms like neutral pH, and if you want to destroy the organism you need to take the pH to alkaline in the disinfectant. |
| Properties that disinfecants would have | pH, concentration, Water to dilute, water gives ionization capability, Heat, toxigenicity (toxicity) |
| Concentration | Too much of a chemical will cause the oganism to seal their cell wall. |
| Water | Dilute the concentration of the chemical disinfectant, so the water will carry the chemcial into the cell wall to kill the organism. |
| Water, ionization capability | this ionization adversely affects the organism. The aqueous dissociation of an electrolyte inot ions. |
| Heat | Most disinfectants will work better if above 60 degrees F. Lack of heat will slow reaction, add heat will make the reaction faster. |
| Toxigenicity | Toxicity, adversely affects the pathogenic organisms but not others who are in the enviornment. |
| Chemical disinfectants that we use | Halogens, Heavy metals, alcohols, phenol, oxidizing, aldehydes |
| Halogens used | Cl, F, Br, I |
| Heavy metals used | Pt, Au, Ag, Hg (meth lade- 1/10000 for cuts and bruises), Cu |
| Alcohols used | Isopropyl-rubbing alcohol 50-70%, Grain (ETOH) drinking alcohol, Methyl-wood alcohol, can kill and cause blindness |
| Phenol | Carbolic acid-Lister used, 1st Gold standard Phenol Coefficient |
| Phenol Coefficient | Ways you compare other disinfectants to the gold standard. (% conc.) X 25 C X 10E6 organism X 10 min __________________________________________ (5% conc.) X 25 C X 10E6 organism X 10 mins. CC>1 should be good disinfectant |
| Oxidizing | Ozone-artificial ozone-utilized in some communities as an effective water treatment. Hydrogen Peroxide-good disinfectant. |
| Aldehydes | Formaldehyde-embalming fluid-preserves tissue, disinfects the body. Glutaraldehyde-clean Dr. tools |
| The Process of Sterilization | The removal of all microbial's forms (alive or dead, and viruses) from an object |
| Processes of Sterilization | Dry heat, Moist Heat, Filtration, Cold Sterilization, Chemicals, UV lights (radiation) |
| Dry heat | Incineration: burn-flaming loop, burn red hazardous waste bags. Oven:165-175 C for 90 mins.-sterilize glass |
| Moist Heat | Autoclave:steam under pressure 121 C X 15 lbsX 15 mins. Organge hazardous waste bags, then it can go into trash. Heavy plastics can be autoclaved. |
| Filtration | Liquid taken from 2 bottles ran thrus a vacuum pump and filtered thru a filter to get out the organisms. OLD DAYS:sterilized liquid pharmaceuticals, injectables, and IV. |
| Cold Sterilization | Cobalt 60-zap the organism with gama rays and Cobalt 60 (a radioactive isotope of Cobolt). Most plastics, mail, sterilize injectables, syringes, high volume plastics. |
| UV light 3000 | Will kill organisms, used in holding rooms. It affects nucleric acids and DNA of the organisms. |
| Chemicals | Ethylene oxide-sterilize metal instruments, metal blades, bandages, gauze, surgical drapes. Hydrogen Peroxide (30-70%) |
| Antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents | chemical substances used to treat disease also called drugs |
| Antibotic | a by-product of microbial metabolism, or its derivatives, that will kill or inhibit other microorganisms. |
| Drugs | chemical substance used to treat infection. |
| Sulfa | (chemical element) is not an antibotic but does treat infection. |
| Characteristics that a drug should have | Selective Toxicity, Narrow spectrum, Broad spectrum, side effects, absorbable in the body |
| Degrees of Selective Toxicity | Thereaputic dose, Toxic dose, Trough, Peak |
| Selective Toxicity | kill or inhibt the microorganism but have little effect/damage to the host. |
| Theraputic Dose | The minimum level of drug required for clinical treatment ( 4 doses X 4/day) |
| Toxic Dose | Drug level where the chemotherapeutic agent becomes toxic to the host. Toxic level for toxicity. |
| Trough | 30 mins before a dose is given, take sample so they can cath the level of micromicrobials at the lowest point: how we monitor/maintain a therapeurtic dose. |
| How do we maintain a theraputic dose | trough-take sample 30mins before dose. |
| Peak | 30-60 mins. after medications has been given-highest dose. Draw sample when the concentration is at its highest, so they can monitor toxic level. |
| How do you monitor toxic level | Peak-take sample 30-60 mins. after drug administration. |
| Toxicity of antimicrobics | Monitor two types: Ototoxicity (affects ears), nephro-toxicity (kidneys) |
| Ototoxicity | affects ears |
| Nephro-toxicity | kidneys |
| Narrow spectrum | (Older antimicrobics-penicillin), effective against limited variety of microorganisms but is cheaper. |
| Broad Spectrum | (newer antimicrobics) cost more but kills everything. Use broad spectrum until the cause is know. |
| Side effects | Nothing to do with toxicity-effects that the drug has upon the hose. |
| Last characteristic of a drug | Has to be able to be absorbed in the body. |
| How do druges affect the microbial cell, bacteria | Mode of actions of antibotics, and one non-antibotic. |
| Mode of actions of antibotics | Inhibit cell wall synthesis, inhibit protein synthesis, inhibits (DNA) Nucleic Acide Synthesis, disrupts plasma membrane, (not antibotic) Metabolic antagonism |
| Inhibit cell wall syntheses | Pencillin, this disrupts the enzyme system, the microorganisms can't manufacture the cell work. If they can not manufacture the cell wall then they cannont undergo bionary fission, they are not going to grow, they are going to die. |
| Inhibit protein synthesis | Effects ribosome, the anitbiodies effect the 20th subunit of the ribosome, the ogranism can't undergo protein syntheses, it will not have an enzyme, not going ot grow, it will dies. all the -mysine will affect this. |
| Inhibits (DNA) Nucleic Acid Synthesis | If it can't replicate its chromosome thatn is will die. |
| Disrupts plasma membrane | Pollymixin B (something in it drys cells) |
| Metabolic antagonism | NOT an anitbotic, but designed for drugs:"competitive inhibition" Sulfa, not an antibiotic but used to treat infections. |
| Folic acid | Most microorganisms do not produce, so they depend on host to make PABA so it can make folic acid to gorw. If sulfa gets there first then growth can't happen. |
| susceptiable | Can be used through therapy |
| Resistance | Means it's not used for therapy |
| Standardized rule | Everything is preformed the same way in every lab so results will not vary. |
| Turvenity Standard | measures cloudiness with a spetometer, themore light that passes through you get a degree of relative amount of organism known as MacFarland. |
| How to determine Antimicrobial sysceptibility testing | Pure culture, Mueller Hinton Agar or Broth |
| Pure culture | 12-24 hrs old vivid concentration-concentration of organisms. |
| Mueller Hinton Agar or Broth | Does not interfere with diffusion of chemical structure of organism |
| Agar | 4 mm deep |
| What should the pH of the agar be? | 6.8-7.2 |
| Methodology | Agar disk diffusion, agar dilution, tube dilution |
| Agar disk diffusion | 1st standard methodology we had for testing antimicrobials, filter paper |
| Agar Dilution | Used for slow growing organisms, to run different concentrations in each plate. |
| MIC | The least amount of organism that will inhibit. |
| How to administer a drug | IV, IM, Oral |
| Microbial Resistance | What effects an organism from becoming resistant to antibiotic. |
| Ways an organism becomes resistant | Porons-gram neg cell walls. They do not allow the entry of the antibiotic into the cell, plasmids, alter metabilic pathway-competitive inhibition with sulfa, Inactivation of the antimicrobial, change target organelle. |
| MIC | Minimum Inhibitory Concentration |
| Tube dilution | incubate for 24 hours-8 growth control-include the concerntraion of antimobic into teh agar and try to grow the organism into the presence of that concentration. # give= mic |
Created by:
tammye_miller
Popular Biology sets