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Micro Ch 5
Chapter 5 Review questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The sum of chemical reactions in an organism is | Metabolism |
| Metabolic reactions that break down larger molecules and provide energy are called ______ reactions | catabolism |
| Metabolic rections that build larger molecules from smaller ones and use up energy are called ____ reactions | Anabolism |
| Which type of metabolic reaction happens when you digest your food? | Catabolism |
| The energy needed to get a chemical reaction goin is the | catalysts |
| What factors effect reaction rates with enzymes? | Temp and Pressure |
| what is an enzyme? | Biological catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction |
| What is the difference between an enzyme cofactor and a coenzyme? | 1. Enzyme cofactor is a nonprotein component 2. Co-enzyme is an organic molecule |
| Name 4 important enzyme cofactors in metabolism | NAD+, NADP+, FAD, Coenzyme A |
| What does it mean when an enzyme is denatured? | The loss of its characteristic 3 dimensional structure. It involves the breakage of hydrogen bonds and other non-covalent bonds. |
| What sort of factors might denature an enzyme? | Temp and pH |
| What are some factors that influence enzyme activity? | Temp, pH, substrate concentration, presence or absence of inhibitors |
| During competitive enzyme inhibition, where does the inhibitor bind? | Substrate active site of the enzyme |
| Can you name an antimicrobial drug that acts as a competitive inhibitor? | Sulfanilamide |
| During non-competitive enzyme inhibition, where does the inhibitor bind? | allosteric site |
| The loss or removal of electrons from an atom is called | Oxidation |
| the gaining of electrons in an atom is called | Reduction |
| Most biological oxidations are a special type called | Dehydrogenation |
| what does ATP stand for? | Adenosine triphosphate |
| What is the process of adding a phosphate to a molecule called? | Phosphorylation |
| How is ATP produced from ADP? | Phosphorylation: 1) substrate level 2) photophosphorylation 3)oxidative |
| What is the difference between the 3 different types of phosphorylation? | photophosphorylation: mainly plants Substrate-level: adding a phosphate Oxidative: most efficient; electron transport chain |
| What are the 3 overall processes in aerobic carbohydrate metabolism? | Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, Electron Transport Chain |
| What is the final producct of glycolysis? | Pyruvic acid; NADH and 2 molecules of ATP |
| ATP is actually generated on the electron transport chain using which type of phosphorylation? | Oxidative |
| What is the electron transport chain? | Series of carrier molecules that are oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain; energy produces ATP by chemiosmosis |
| Where is the electron transport chain located in prokaryotes? | plasma membrane |
| Where is the electron transport chain located in eurkaryotes? | Cristae of mitochondra |
| What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain for aerobic organisms? | O2 |
| What is different about the final electron acceptor in an anaerobic process? | Not o2 b/c it yields less energy than aerobic respiration b/c only part of the Kreb's cycle operates under aerobic conditions |
| Does the process of fermentation use glycolysis? | yes |
| Does the process of fermentation use the Krebb's cycle? | no |
| Does the process of fermentation use the electron transport chain? | no |
| What two products are usually produced from fermentation? | acids/gases (and alcohol) |
| Which type of metabolism utilizes nitrates and sulfates as final electron acceptors? | anaerobic respiration |
| What is the difference between autotroph and hetertroph? | Autotroph's carbon source is CO2 and heterotroph is organic compounds. |
| What is the difference between phototrophs and chemotrophs? | The energy source for photoautotroph is light and chemotrophs energy source is chemical. |
| What is the carbon source for a chemoautotroph? | CO2 |
| What is the carbon source for a chemoheterotroph? | organic compounds |
| What 3 processes have to occur with amino acids before they enter the Krebb's cycle? | 1) protein broken into amino acids 2) deaminated 3) decarboxylated |
| Be able to describe feedback inhibition. (end product inhibition) | biochemical control; stops the cell from making more of a substance than it needs and thereby wasting chemical resourcces. similar to an assembly line with each step catalyzed by a separate enzyme. |
| What is the energy carrier produced in Glycolysis? | ATP |
| What energy carriers are produced during the Krebb's cycle? | ATP |
| During the Krebb's cycle, wht energy molecule is produced? | NADH and FADH2 |
| What is chemiosmmosis? | The mechanism of ATP synthesis using the electron transport chain. |
| What is the electrochemical gradient established by chemiosmosis? | proton motive force |
| What is beta oxidation? | The oxidation of fatty acids. |
| What waste product is produced during the Krebb's cycle? | CO2 |
| What powers the ATP synthase to make ATP? | The proton motive force provides energy for ATP synthases to catalyze synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate. |
| ATP is created during the electron transport chain mechanism when ADP gains a phosphate. Where does the energy to add ths phosphate come from? | Energy released from ATP synthase causes rotor and rod to rotate causing mechanical energy whch turns into chemical energy. |
Created by:
resa722
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