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Hub2 session 7
Reproductive System 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explain why it is important to halve chromosomal number for sexual reproduction. | One member of each pair is inherited from each parent. |
| The difference between somatic and sex cells. | Somatic is any cell of the body other than a germ cell. Germ Cell is a gamete - Sperm or Oocyte. Somatic = Mitosis. Sex cells = Meiosis. |
| What is Meiosis? | Meiosis is the process that produces haploid gametes. Meiosis I = homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis - pairing and crossing over producing 2 haploid cells. Meiosis II = 2 haploid cells divide and form 4 haploid cells. |
| What is mitosis? | Mitosis involves replacing or adding new somatic cells. |
| What is cytokinesis? | Is the process involving cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It is the division of the cytoplasm. It usually initiates during the late stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a binucleate cell in two. |
| What are the strucures of male reproductive system? | The testes which are housed in the temperature regulating scrotum, immature sperm then travel to the epididymis for development and storage. seminal vesicles, prostate, the penis, urethra, vas deferens, and Cowper's gland. |
| Explain structure and function - penis | a. Conduit for urine form bladder b. Male organ for sexual intercourse |
| Explain structure and function - scrotum | a. House testes and maintains their temperature at a level cooler than the body thus promoting normal sperm formation |
| Explain structure and function - testes | a. Endocrine glands that secrete the primary male hormone, testosterone. |
| Explain structure and function - Seminiferous Tubules | Location of spermatogenesis (within the testes) |
| Function of Epididymis | a. Storage for some sperm b. Final sperm maturation c. Where sperm develops the ability to be motile. |
| Function of Vas Deferens | a. Storage of sperms b. Conduction of sperm form epididymis to urethra |
| Function of Seminal Vesicle, Prostate, Bulbourethral gland | a. Secretion of seminal fluids that carry sperm and provide for: - Nourishment of sperm - Protection of sperm from hostile acidic environment of vagina - Enhancement of motility of sperm - Washing of all sperm from urethra. |
| Why is location of scrotum important? | The location of the scrotum is important because it maintains a temperature of a few degress cooler than body temperature. The cremaster and dartos muscles contract in cold temperatures. |
| Describe in detail the structure of a testicle. | Each oval-shaped testicle is approximately 4-5 cm long, 3 cm deep and 2.5 cm wide. This sac forms outer layer of the capsule called the tunica vaginalis. The inner layer is called the tunica albuginea, which divides the testis into cone-shaped lobules. |
| Cells present in testes? | Spermatogenic cells - sperm forming cells. Sertoli cells - support and protect developing spermatogenic cells in several ways. Nourish, control movements, produce fluid for transport, secrete hormone inhibin and regulate effects of testosterone and FSH. |
| Describe how blood levels of testosterone are contolled. | When testosterone levels are low, the hypothalamus releases a hormone known as GnRH, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone. GnRH stimulates the pituitary to release LH and FSH, which stimulate the Leydig cells and increase testosterone production. |
| What are the ducts of the male reproductive system? | The spermatic ducts function to carry sperm from the testis to the urethra. They can be described in 3 parts: Epididymis, Ductus deferens & Ejaculatory ducts |
| Epididymis | A highly convoluted tube attached by efferent ductules to the back of the testis. It is here that sperm are stored prior to ejaculation, at which time they leave the epididymis and continue through the ductus deferens. |
| Ductus deferens | Approximately 45cm long, thin tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts. It passes upwards into the abdomen through the spermatic cord and inguinal canal where it passes medially to the posterior surface of the bladder. |
| Where does ductus deferens go after reaching the bladder? | Here it becomes tortuous and lies in between the seminal vesicles. At the prostate the duct joins with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory ducts. |
| Ejaculatory ducts | The ductus deferens and seminal vesicles merge at the apex of the prostate to form two ejaculatory ducts. They run through the prostate gland to empty into the prostatic urethra. |
| Male accessory sex glands? | Male accessory sex glands include the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands. The secretion from each of these glands is added to the testicular fluid and forms a substantial part of the semen. |
| Function of seminal vesicles | The seminal vesicles secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen. |
| Function of prostate? | The function of the prostate is to store and secrete a slightly alkaline fluid, milky or white in appearance,[5] that usually constitutes 20-30% of the volume of the semen along with spermatozoa and seminal vesicle fluid. |
| Function of bulbourethral glands? | During sex each gland produces a clear, viscous secretion - pre-ejaculate. This fluid helps to lubricate the urethra for spermatozoa to pass through, neutralizing traces of acidic urine in urethra and helps flush out any residual urine or foreign matter. |
| Structure of penis | The penis consists of a shaft (body or corpus), with an expanded acorn-like end called the glans, and the root. |
| Function of penis | The penis is a male sex organ found on the outside of the body. It is used for urination and for sexual reproduction - deliver semen. |
| Structures of female reproductive system | Vagina, ovaries, breasts, uterus |
Created by:
teresatate1983
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