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7th science final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific Method | 6 steps to test a hypothesis |
| Hypothesis | Possible explanation for a set of observations or anwer to a scientific question |
| Observation | Using one or more of your 6 senses |
| Inference | An interpretaion of an observation that is based on evidence or prior knowledge (not a fact, only an interpretation |
| data | The facts, figures and other evidence gathered through observation |
| independent variable | the variable that is changed to test a hypothesis, also called the manipulated variable |
| dependent variable | the factor that changes because of the manipulated variable; also known as the reponding variable |
| controls or constants | the variable which remains the same or constant |
| ecology | the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment |
| ecosystem | all of the living and nonliving things that interact in an area |
| heterotroph | an organism that cannot make its own food |
| autotroph | an organism that produces its own food |
| unicellular | a type of organism that is made up a single cell |
| multicellular | a type of organism that is made up of many cells |
| organism | a living thing |
| eukaryote | an organism with cells that contain nuclei and other cell structures |
| prokaryote | an organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures |
| homeostasis | the process by which an organism's internal environment (body temperature) is kept stable (stays the same) in spite of changes in the external environment |
| spontaneous generation | The mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving things |
| abiotic | nonliving part of the ecosystem |
| biotic | living part of the ecosystem |
| population | All the members of one species in a particular area |
| community | All of the different populations (species) that live together in one area |
| adaptation | a characteristic that helps an organism to survive in its environment or reproduce |
| habitat | the place where an orgaism lives and that provides the things that that organism needs |
| predation | an interaction in which one orgaism hunts and kills another animal for food |
| mutualism | a type of symbiosis in which both partners benefit from living together |
| commensalism | a relationship between 2 species in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped not harmed |
| parasitism | a relationship in which one orgaism lives on inside another and harms it |
| symbiosis | close relationship between 2 organisms |
| parasite | organism that lives in a host |
| Host | source of energy for the parasite |
| competition | struggle between organisms for the limited resources in a habitat (fight for food) |
| predator | kills other animals (a carnivore) |
| prey | gets killed and eaten (animal that the predator feeds on) |
| Niche | an organism's role in an ecosystem (its job) |
| producer | Makes its own food (autotroph) |
| consumer | cnanot make its own food (heterotroph) |
| food chain | a series of events in which one organism eats another |
| food web | the pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem |
| carnivore | eats meat |
| herbivore | eats plants |
| omnivore | eats both plants and animals |
| scavenger | eats organisms that are dead...dead bodies |
| decomposer | breaks down dead bodies |
| energy pyramid | a diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web |
| biome | group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms |
| limiting factors | prevents a population from increasing |
| carrying capacity | largest population that an area can support |
| cells | basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| Cell theory | a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things |
| compound light microscope and magnification | instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| chromosome | rod shaped cellular structure made of condensed chromatin, contains DNA (genetic material) |
| nucleus | control center of the cell that directs the cells activity |
| cytoplasm | region of the cell located inside the cell membrane; contains gel-like material and cell organelles |
| mitochondria | organelle that produces energy for the cell |
| Golgi body | stucture in the cell that receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell |
| chloroplast | structure in plant cell that captures energy from sunlight to produce food (makes plants green and where photosyntesis happens) |
| vacuole | water filled sac inside cell that acts as a storage area |
| cell membrane | outside boundary of the cell, contols what can enter and exit out of the cell |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum; passageways in the cell to transport materials from one part of cell to another |
| chromatin | contains DNA, genetic material |
| ribosome | where proteins are made |
| cell wall | in plant cells ONLY, protects the cell and gives it shape |
| organelle | cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| nuclear membrane | allows things to pass in and out of the nucleus, protects the nucleous |
| lysosome | small round cell structure that contains chemical that break down large food particles into smaller ones |
| nucleolus | makes ribosomes |
| genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| heredity | passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Gregor Mendel | Scientist that studied pea plants and discovered dominance |
| pedigree | family tree that tracks which members have particular traits |
| genes | segment of DNA |
| traits | characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes |
| phenotype | organisms physical appearance or visible traits |
| genotype | organisms genetic make up or allele combination |
| mutation | change in a gene or chromosome |
| Punnett Square | chart that shows all possible combinations of allels that can result from a genetic cross |
| dominant | trait that always shows up |
| recessive | masked when dominant allele is present |
| purebred | always produces offspring with the same form |
| homozygous | having 2 identical allels for a trait |
| hybrid | 2 different allels |
| heterozygous | having 2 different allels for a trait (hybrid) |
| classification | process of grouping things based on their similarities |
| taxonomy | scientific study of how living things are classified |
| species | similar organisms whose members can mate with one another |
| evolution | gradual change of species over time |
| variation | any difference between individuals of the same species |
| natural Selection | better adapted to their environment |
| sperm | male sex cell, (Y) |
| egg | female sex cell (X) |
| asexual reproduction | requires only one parent and produces an identical offspring |
| sexual reproduction | requires 2 parents (male and female) who combine their genetic material |
| mitosis | stage of cell cycle during which the cells nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei |
| meiosis | process which occurs in sex cells and reduces the number of chromosomes by half |
| diffusion | process by which molecules move from an in which thay are highly concentrated to an area in which they are less concentrated |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules through a selective membrane |
| photosyntesis | plants capture energy from the sun |
| cellular respiration | how your body converts food into energy |
Created by:
missmee03
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