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BIOMUSCLES
BIOMUSCLES/JOINTS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which type of joint provides the narrowest range of movements? | hinge |
| Which type of joint is described as an arch-shaped surface, which rotates about a rounded, or peg like projection? | saddle |
| The joints between vertebrae are what type? | symphysis |
| Dense fibrous connective tissue firmly holds the articular surfaces together with what type of joint? | synovial |
| What type of joint is the elbow? | hinge |
| The articulations between adjacent vertebra are structurally classed as what? | cartilaginous |
| The joint binding a tooth to its socket is called what? | gomphosis |
| The public synphsis is what type of joint? | cartilaginous |
| Ligaments attach what? | bone to bone |
| Which muscles aid in pulling down the mandible? | platysma |
| The joint of the carpal and metacarpal in the thumb is an example of what type of joint? | saddle |
| Freely movable joints are called what? | diarthrosis |
| The muscle that forms the "slope" from the head down to the shoulder is the what? | trapezius |
| An injury to the acromioclavicular joint refers to what? | separated shoulder |
| The largest most complex joint of the body is which joint? | knee |
| How do skeletal muscles primarily function? | by pulling across joints |
| What are small filaments of the myofibrils? | actin |
| The insertion of a muscle is the ? | most moveable end |
| Cardiac muscle is? | striated/involuntary |
| The muscle of your arm would be? | voluntary/striated |
| The muscle on the medial side of the upper leg? | sartorius |
| Which muscle do you sit on? | gluteal |
| The obicularis oris? | encircles mouth |
| Which muscle is next to the abdominal cavity? | transversus |
| The muscle on the posterior side of your upper arm? | triceps |
| A muscle in the neck region? | sternocleidomastoid |
| A muscle in a group that helps the prime mover perform the desired action is referred to as? | synergist |
| The end of a muscle which, at the time it is active, is attached to an "immovable part" is termed its what? | origin |
| What is a common characteristic of smooth and cadiac? | intercalated discs present |
| What is the unit of contraction in muscle? | sarcomere |
| Which muscle do you use to kiss? | orbicularis oris |
| Term referring to the tongue is? | glossus |
| Which muscle helps to balance the head on the vertebral column? | stemocleidomastoid |
| The muscle that aids in urination and compression of the abdomen? | rectus abdominis |
| pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus are two parts of what? | levator ani muscles |
| Which exercise would strengthen the vagina and urethra wall? | kegel |
| Which muscle is associated with the coracoid process and 3,4,5, ribs? | pectorallis minor |
| The most powerful flexor muscle in the arm is? | brachiallis |
| Which muscle acts on the thumb? | thenar |
| Intramuscular injections are often given on what muscle? | gluteus medius |
| What muscle has as its origin the ishial tuberosity? | semimembranosus |
| Masseter muscle is involved in what action? | opening the jaw |
| Sartorius is located where? | medial side of your upper leg |
| Anthrology | Study of Joints |
| Kinesiology | Study of motion |
| Three structural classes of joints? | Fibrous, Cartilagenous, Synovial |
| Fibrous Joint | No cavity/has collagen |
| Synovial Joint | cavity/articular capsule |
| Name three types of Fubrous joints? | Suture,Syndesmosis, Gomphosis |
| Suture | in skull bones |
| Syndesmosis | Slight movement/ distal, tibial, fibula |
| Gomphosis | teeth in alveoli |
| Cartilagenous Joints (2 types) | Synchondrosis, Synphyses |
| Synchondrosis | epiphyseal plate, radius, ulna ribs to sternum |
| Symphyses | broad flat, pubic symphysis, between body of vertebrae, most of these are in midlinne of body. |
| Joints classified due to function? | synarthorsis(immovable), amphiathrosis(slight movement) Diathrosis (freely movable) |
| synarthorsis joints | immovable |
| amphiathrosis joints | slight movement |
| diathrosis joints | freely moveable |
| What type of joint is a synovial joint? | Diathrosis |
| Amphiarthrosis | two bones linked by cartilage |
| Example of Amphiarthrosis? | rib to sternum |
| Symphyses | bone bound by fibrocartilage |
| example of Symphyses Joints | pubic symphysis, joints between vertebrae |
| Hyaline cartilage | collagen fibers usually invisible, clear, glassy - microscopic. |
| Examples of hyaline cartilage | tip of nose, adams apple, trachea |
| Fibro cartilage | coarse easily viewed |
| Synovial Joints | Freely moveable, a cavity & articular cartilage. articular capsule surrounds it. |
| Synovial Fluid | Lubricates, norishes synovial joints |
| Ligaments | parallel strands of a Fibrous nature |
| Six Types of Synovial Joints | Hinge, Gliding, Pivot, Saddle, Condyloid, Ball & Socket |
| Examples of Hinge Joint? | elbow, knee, fingers, toes |
| Examples of Gliding (planar)Joints? | carpals, tarsals, sternoclavicular |
| Examples of Pivot Joints? | dens of axis, head of radius |
| Example of Saddle Joint? | Thumb |
| Example of Condyloid Joint? | fingers, wrist (radius fits against lunate (carpal bone)) |
| Examples of Ball & Socket Joint? | hip, shoulder |
| meniscus | Pattella |
| Torn ACL | Anterior Cruciate Ligament |
| Knee | Medial Collateral Ligament |
| Most commonly dislocated? | Shoulder |
| Antagonis | against movement |
| maximus | largest, chief extensor |
| minimus | smallest, |
| longest | long |
| brevis | short |
| two(2) heads of origin of muscle | Bicep |
| Three (3) heads of origin of muscle | Tricep |
| Four (4) heads of origin of muscle | Quadricep |
| Four (4) shapes of muscles? | Deltoid (triangular), Traezius (trapezoid), Serratus (saw-toothed), Rhombordeus (diamond shaped) |
| Facial muscles insert where? | Into the skin and moves skin rather than bones |
| Buccinator | Major Cheek Musle |
| Blowing, whistle, chewing muscle | Buccinator |
| Origin of Buccinator | aveolar process of maxilla/mandible |
| Depresses mandible and used for pouting? | Platysma |
| origin and insertion of Zygomaticus (major/minor) | origin- zygomatic bone, insertion- mouthm lips |
| Frowning muscle | Frontalis |
| Smiling Muscle | Zygomaticus |
| Pouting Muscle | platysma |
| Squinting Muscle | Obicularis oculi |
| Muscles moving tongue | extrinsic muscles |
| glossus | meaning tongue |
| genioglossus | origin mandible moves tongue down, forward |
| styloglossus | origin-styloid process , moves tongue up and back |
| hyoglosus | origin hyoid moves tongue downward, and flattens |
| Muscles on floor of mouth? | Suprahyoid, infrahyoid, |
| Suprahyoid | superior to hyoid, fixes hyoid as a base to elevate hyoid during speech and swallowing |
| Infrahyoid | depress hyoid and larynx during speech and swallowing |
| sternocleido mastoid | origin- sternum/clavicle Insert- mastoid process of temporal bone. Helps balance head on the vertebral column |
| Abdominal Wall muscles | contain/protect visceria, moves verteloral column forces urination, defecation, childbirth, vomiting |
| Name four Abdominal muscles | *rectusabdominus- outside layer Rectus Abdominis- vertical (aids in urination) *external obligue-muscles run at angle *internal oblique-crosses over front *transverse abdominis-muscle goes side to side |
| Muscle used in breathing | Diaphram |
| Muscle of pelvic Floor | Levator Ani(2parts) 1. Pubococcygeus 2. lliococcygeus |
| Muscle of Shoulder | Pectorial Girdle- pectoralis minor(coracoid), serratus anterior (superior 8 or 9 ribs) |
| pectorial girdle muscles originate where and insert where? | originate-axial skeleton insert- on clavicle/scapular |
| Trampezius | Pectorial muscle stabilizes the scapula so it can be used as a stable point of origin for muscles to move the humerus. origin-scapula mostly and axial skelton. |
| The widest muscle in the body? | Pectoralis Major |
| Swimmers Muscle? | Pectoralis Major |
| Deltoid origin and insertion | origin- scapular insertion- Deltoid on Humerus |
| Four (4) muscles of rotator Cuff? | 1.subscapularis 2. supraspinatus 3. infraspinatus 4. teres major |
| masseter origin/insert | origin-maxilla & zygomatic arch insert- mandible angle & ramus |
| Platysma origin/insert | Origin-ant deltoid & Pectoralis major Insert-Mandible, angle of mouth& skin of lower face |
| Orbicularis Oculi Origin/Insert | Origin medial side of eye orbit |
| Obicularis Oris origin/insert | origin-muscle fibers around mouth Insert-skin at corners of mouth |
| Temporalis origin/insert | origin-temporal bone insert- mandible coronoid process & ramus |
| Pectoralis Major origin/insert | origin- clavicle, sternum & calvicle cartilage of 2 to 6 ribs |
| Pectoralis Minor origin/insert | Origin- 2nd thru 5th rib insert-Coracoid of Scapula |
| Serratus origin/insert | origin- Superior surface upper 8-9 ribs Coracoid of scapula |
| latissimus Dorsal origin/insert | origin-soines of 7-12 thoracic, lumbar verta: sacrum illum & ribs 9-12 insert-Humerus greater tubercle& Intertubercular sulcus |
| Trapezius origin/insert | origin-Occipital bone& spines of cervicle & thoracic verta. |
| Rectus Abdominis origin.insert | origin- Symphysis & crest of pubic insert- cartilage of 5-7th ribs+xiphoid |
| External oblique-origin, insert | origin- lat&pos ribs 5-12 insert- iliac crest & |
| Quadriceps Femoris Muscles | Vastus Isteralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus intermedius, Rectus Femoris, |
| Hamstrings Muscles | Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus |
| Lower Leg Muscles | Gasstrocnemius, Soleus, Tibialis, |
| Head & Neck Muscles | orbicularis oculi, Obicularis oris, buccinator, Masseter, Temporalis, Sternocleidomastoid, Platysma, |
| Chest & Back Muscles | Pectoralis Minor, Pectoralis major, Serratus anterior, latissimus Dorsi Trapezius |
| Abdomen Muscles | Rectus abdominis, External oblique, Internal oblique, Transverse abdominis, diaphragm |
| Shoulder & Arm Muscles | Deltoid, Bicep Brachi, Triceps Brachi, Brachialis, Brachioradiails, Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus |
| Pelvis & Thigh Muscles | Levator ani, Gluteous medius, Gluteous maximus, gluteal minimus, psoas major, Sartorius, Gracilis, Adductor longus, adductor magnus, Tensor fascia latus |
| Epimysium | Covers outside ofis a layer of connective tissue, which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular tissueis a layer of connective tissue, which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. |
| Perimysium | is a sheath of connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles (anywhere between 10 to 100 or more) or fascicles. ... |
| Three types of muscle tissue | skeleton,cardiac,smooth |
| entomysium | meaning within the muscle, is a layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and is composed mostly from reticular fibers. ... |
| skeletal | striated/voluntary |
| cardiac | striated/involuntary |
| smooth | non-striated, involuntary |
| thin filament | actin |
| thick filament | myosin |
| NMJ | Neuro Muscular Junction |
| NMJ FUNCTION | contact and communicate at synapses (gap) between synapses. |
| neuromuscular chemical | ach (acetylcholine) |
| myofibers | muscle fibers |
| sacrolemma | plasma membrane of muscle cytoplasm of muscle |
| sacroplasma reticulum | contain myofibrils (contractile elements of muscle) |
| myofibrils | contain filaments actin & myosin |
| sacromeres | filaments are arranged in these basic functional units |
| Z disc/line | separate sacromeres |
| A Bands | myosin |
| I Bands | Actin |
| A/I Bands | Give striated appearance |
| Skeletal Muscle Cell | Muscle Fiber |
Created by:
dlizana001
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